基于腐熟稻壳的育苗混配基质及其应用效果  

Mixed Substrate of Seedling Based on Mature Rice Husk and its Application Effect

作　　者：张春梅 汪亚娟 翟亚南 吕硕 吴晓蕾[1,2] 高洪波 郜英豪[3] 宫彬彬 ZHANG Chunmei;WANG Yajuan;ZHAI Ya’nan;LYU Shuo;WU Xiaolei;GAO Hongbo;GAO Yinghao;GONG Binbin(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Genliduo Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Xingtai 054700,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省蔬菜种质创新与利用重点实验室,河北保定071000 [3]根力多生物科技股份有限公司,河北邢台054700

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2024年第3期111-117,共7页China Vegetables

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系设施蔬菜创新团队项目(HBCT2023100211);河北省重点研发计划项目(22327214D);河北省农业科技成果转化项目。

摘　　要：为研发以腐熟稻壳为主要成分的育苗基质,在测定腐熟稻壳等单一基质理化性质的基础上,根据基质理化性质模型,初步确定了以腐熟稻壳为主的11种育苗配方,并以番茄和叶用莴苣幼苗为试材,对配方进一步筛选确定适宜蔬菜幼苗生长的基质配方。结果表明:腐熟稻壳EC值与容重适宜,但持水孔隙度偏小,不适宜单独作为育苗基质材料;通过模型预测的11种基质配方复合合意值为0.91~0.98,均在育苗基质适宜指标范围内,且11种基质配方的理化性质实测值与模型预估值相对误差较小,为3.23%~9.63%;混配后的腐熟稻壳基质可以满足蔬菜苗期的生长需要,其中腐熟稻壳∶蛭石∶珍珠岩以6∶2∶2的混配基质栽培的番茄和叶用莴苣生长效果最好,壮苗指数分别比对照提高82.76%和184.80%,植株生长健壮。基质理化性质预测模型用于基质的研发方法可行。In order to develop a seedling substrate mainly composed of decomposed rice husks,based on the determination of the physicochemical properties of single substrates such as decomposed rice husks,11 kinds of seedling formulas composed of decomposed rice husks were preliminarily determined according to the substrate physicochemical property model.The fruit vegetable seedling(tomato)and leaf vegetable seedling(lettuce)were used as test materials to further screen and determine the substrate formula suitable for the growth of vegetable seedlings.The results showed that the EC value and bulk density of decomposed rice husk were suitable,but the water holding pore was small,which was not suitable as a seedling substrate material alone.The composite desirability values of 11 substrate formulations predicted by the model were(0.91-0.98),which were all within the range of suitable indicators of seedling substrate,and the relative error between the measured values of physical and chemical properties of 11 substrate formulations and the predicted values of the model was small,ranging from 3.23%to 9.63%.The decomposed rice husk after mixing could meet the growth needs of vegetable seedling stage.Among them,the mixed substrate of decomposed rice husk∶vermiculite∶perlite with(6∶2∶2)had the best growth effect on tomato and lettuce,and the strong seedling index increased by 82.76%and 21.39%compared with that of the control,respectively,and the plant grows robustly.The prediction model of physical and chemical properties of substrate was feasible for the development of substrate.

关 键 词：腐熟稻壳 复合合意值 理化性质 番茄 叶用莴苣 壮苗指数 

分 类 号：S63[农业科学—蔬菜学]