个人数据保护域外管辖的合理性原则  

The Application of Reasonableness Principle to the Extraterritorial Jurisdiction in the Field of Personal Data Protection

作　　者：刘业 Liu Ye

机构地区：[1]厦门大学法学院 [2]荷兰乌特勒支大学

出　　处：《财经法学》2024年第2期52-67,共16页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“跨境数据流动风险防范法律规制研究”(23CFX069)的阶段性成果;国家留学基金的资助。

摘　　要：随着全球数据跨境流动的深入推进,各国在个人数据保护领域的域外管辖实践逐渐增多。合理性原则可作为国际层面协调各国解决域外管辖冲突的重要理论和方法论指导。立足于既有理论与实践,合理性原则可结构化阐释为形式上的可预见性要素和实质上的利益衡量要素。可预见性要素包括密切性和客观性标准,要求域外立法管辖的连结点符合密切性和客观性要求。利益衡量要素可分为直接和间接利益衡量,要求一国执法或司法机关在个案中衡量各连结点管辖国利益强弱,遵从更强利益管辖国管辖。直接利益衡量下,管辖利益强弱次序排列大致为数据控制者所在地、数据主体所在地、数据处理行为地与数据来源地。间接利益衡量作为直接利益衡量位序排列的纠正机制而存在,促进实质正义的实现。With the deepening of cross-border data flows worldwide,the practices of extraterritorial jurisdiction in the field of personal data protection has gradually increased.The reasonableness principle can be used as an important theoretical and methodological guide for coordinating countries to resolve conflicts over extraterritorial jurisdiction from the international perspective.Based on the existing theories and practices,the reasonableness principle can be structured into the element of foreseeability at the formal level and the element of interest measurement at the substantive level.The element of foreseeability,including the criteria of closeness and objectivity,requires the connection points under the jurisdiction of extraterritorial legislation meet the requirements of closeness and objectivity.The element of interest measurement can be divided into direct and indirect interest measurement.The interest measurement requires the authorities of the state to weigh the interests of the states who exercise the extraterritorial jurisdiction case by case,and to comply with the jurisdiction of the countries with stronger interests.Under the direct interest measurement,the order of strong-weak of jurisdictional interests is the place of data controller,the place of data subject,the place of data processing and the place of data source.Indirect interest measurement exists as a corrective mechanism of the ranking of direct interest measurement,and promotes the realization of substantive justice.

关 键 词：个人数据保护 域外管辖 合理性原则 可预见性 利益衡量 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D99[政治法律—法学]