机械深松对苏打盐碱土盐碱特征及玉米生长的影响  

Effects of Mechanical Subsoiling on Saline-alkaline Characteristics of Soda Saline-alkaline Soil and Maize Growth

作　　者：顾鑫[1] 李娜[1] 任翠梅[1] 王丽娜[1] 芮海英[1] 张丽娜[1] GU Xin;LI Na;REN Cuimei;WANG Lina;RUI Haiying;ZHANG Lina(Daqing Branches of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期39-43,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-C041)。

摘　　要：以苏打盐碱土为研究对象,设置常规耕作不深松(CK)、机械深松30 cm(S30)和机械深松40 cm(S40)3种耕作处理,采用田间大区试验研究了机械深松耕作对苏打盐碱土不同土层盐碱特征及玉米生长的影响。结果表明:S30和S40处理中0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~50 cm各层土壤电导率(EC)和pH均低于CK处理,整体上看,S40处理各层土壤平均EC和pH下降幅度大于S30处理;机械深松耕作显著提高了玉米植株株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、行粒数和籽粒产量,对植株茎粗和秃尖长无显著影响,S40处理玉米作物长势好于S30处理(P<0.05);S30、S40处理籽粒产量分别为8542.87、9020.33 kg/hm2,比CK处理分别高16.40%、22.90%。综上所述,机械深松耕作可以有效削弱苏打盐碱土盐害和碱害,改善土壤性状,促进玉米作物的生长,深松40 cm效果优于深松30 cm。Taking soda saline-alkaline soil as the research object,three tillage treatments of conventional till⁃age without subsoiling(CK),mechanical subsoiling of 30 cm(S30)and mechanical subsoiling of 40 cm(S40)were set up.A large-scale field experiment was conducted to study the effects of mechanical subsoiling on the sa⁃line-alkaline characteristics of different soil layers and the growth of maize crops in soda saline-alkaline soil.The results showed that soil electrical conductivity(EC)and pH in each layer of 0-10,10-20,20-30,30-40 with 40-50 cm in S30 and S40 were lower than CK.On the whole,the average decrease of EC and pH of S40 was greater than that of S30.Mechanical subsoiling tillage significantly increased plant height,ear height,ear length,ear diame⁃ter,number of grains per row and grain yield of maize,but had no significant effect on plant stem diameter and bare tip length.The growth of maize crops in S40 was better than that in S30(P<0.05).The grain yields of S30 and S40 were 8542.87 kg/hm2 and 9020.33 kg/hm2 respectively,which were 16.40%and 22.90%higher than that of CK.In conclusion,mechanical subsoiling tillage can effectively weaken the salt and alkali damage of soda saline-al⁃kaline soil,improve soil properties and promote the growth of maize crops.The action effect of subsoiling 40 cm is better than that of subsoiling 30 cm.

关 键 词：机械深松 土壤PH 土壤电导率(EC) 玉米生长 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]