铜合金的腐蚀与防护研究进展  

Research Progress on Corrosion and Protection of Copper Alloys

作　　者：黄佳伟 胡强[1] 胡志[2] 管博 郑学清 HUANG Jiawei;HU Qiang;HU Zhi;GUAN Bo;ZHENG Xueqing(Institute of Applied Physics,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330029,China;College of Advanced Manufacturing,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;State Key Laboratory of Special Rare Metal Materials,Northwest Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Ningxia Co.,Ltd.,Shizuishan 753000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省科学院应用物理研究所,江西南昌330029 [2]南昌大学先进制造学院,江西南昌330031 [3]西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司,稀有金属特种材料国家重点实验室,宁夏石嘴山753000

出　　处：《铜业工程》2024年第1期1-21,共21页Copper Engineering

基　　金：江西省重大科技研发项目(20212AAE01003,20224BBE52002);西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司稀有金属特种材料国家重点实验室开放课题基金项目(SKL2022K004)资助。

摘　　要：铜合金具有良好的导电性和导热性,是应用最广泛的工业材料之一。铜合金服役过程中常与酸、碱、盐等腐蚀介质接触,易引起铜合金的腐蚀,最终导致失效,对生产制造带来危害。提高铜合金的耐腐蚀性有利于进一步扩展其应用领域。本文主要归纳了Cr,Pb,Ti,Al,Mn,Ni以及稀土元素的添加对合金耐蚀性能的影响,通过合金元素的添加可以改变铜合金表面腐蚀产物膜的组成和形貌,减小相与相之间腐蚀电位差,以及减少有害杂质的存在,以此来改善铜合金的耐蚀性能。塑性变形和热处理是改善铜合金力学性能的常用手段,经塑性变形和热处理过后的铜合金,其微观组织形貌和分布发生了变化,因此对合金耐蚀性能也有一定的影响。本文主要从合金化、塑性变形及热处理3个方面对铜合金耐蚀性能影响进行综述,最后对铜合金的腐蚀防护研究进行总结和展望。Copper alloy has good electrical and thermal conductivity,is one of the most widely used industrial materials.Copper alloy is often contact with acid,alkali,salt and other corrosive media in the service process,easy to cause corrosion of copper alloys,ultimately lead to failure and bring harm to manufacturing.Improving the corrosion resistance of copper alloys is conducive to the further expansion of its application areas.This paper mainly summarizes the effects of Cr,Pb,Ti,Al,Mn,Ni and its rare earth elements on the alloy's corrosion resistance,the addition of alloying elements can change the composition and morphology of the surface corrosion product film of copper alloys,reduce the corrosion potential difference between phase and phase,and reduce the existence of harmful impurities,so as to improve the corrosion resistance of copper alloys.Plastic deformation and heat treatment are the common means to improve the mechanical properties of copper alloys,after plastic deformation and heat treatment,the microstructure morphology and distribution of the copper alloys have been changed,so it also has a certain influence on the alloy corrosion resistance.In this paper,the impacts of alloying,plastic deformation and heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of copper alloys were mainly reviewed from the three aspects,and finally the research on corrosion protection of copper alloys was summarized and prospected.

关 键 词：铜合金 腐蚀 合金化 热处理 塑性变形 

分 类 号：TG146.11[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TG174.36[金属学及工艺—金属材料]