湄公河三角洲洪水特性及其演变规律分析  

Analysis on flood characteristics and evolution laws in Mekong Delta

作　　者：邹玉婷 李昌文 常文娟[1,4] 许洋 钱竹胜 余亦凡 ZOU Yuting;LI Changwen;CHANG Wenjuan;XU Yang;QIAN Zhusheng;YU Yifan(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Construction and Management in Hydropower Engineering,Yichang 443002,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Ministry of Education,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]水电工程施工与管理湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [3]水利与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,湖北宜昌443002 [4]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第3期35-41,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于河湖水文-水动力耦合模型的湄公河与洞里萨湖水量交换关系与水文情势驱动响应关系定量图谱研究”(52009079);水利部重大科技项目“变化环境下流域特大洪涝灾害协同应对策略研究”(SKS-2022003)。

摘　　要：湄公河三角洲洪涝问题一直是国际社会关注的热点,其洪水特性的不明晰成为制约该地区洪涝灾害治理的短板。基于湄公河三角洲代表站桔井站实测长系列水文资料,采用滑动t检验、Morlet小波变换分析及洪水丰平枯水年划分等方法研究其洪水特性及演变规律。研究结果表明:①湄公河三角洲主汛期平均起止时间为6月30日至11月2日,近年来主汛期历时易发生极端情况,尤以长汛期洪水更为显著;②湄公河三角洲峰现时间集中发生于8~9月,一场洪水历时平均约90 d;③湄公河三角洲桔井站峰高量大,最大90 d洪量与洪峰流量序列存在着35~37 a的周期变换规律;④桔井站洪峰-洪量组合变换多样,洪峰、洪量丰枯变化规律除少数年份外基本保持一致。研究成果可为认识湄公河三角洲复合水文规律提供重要科学依据。The flood disaster of the Mekong Delta has always been a hot concern to the international community.The unclear flood characteristics have become a shortcoming restricting the flood control in the region.Based on long series of hydrological data measured at the representative station Kratie Station in the Mekong Delta,we evaluated the flood characteristics and evolution laws by using sliding t-test,Morlet wavelet analysis and flood year division.The results showed that:①the average starting and ending dates of the main flood season in the Mekong Delta is from June 30th to November 2nd.In recent years,the main flood season was prone to occur extreme conditions,especially the occurrence of long flood season.②The peak flow time is concentrated in August to September,and flood duration is about 90 days on average.③The peak flow of Kratie Station is high and the flood volume is large,and the maximum 90-day flood volume and peak flow sequence have a periodic transformation law of 35~37 a.④The combination of peak flow and flood volume in Kratie Station was varied,and the variation laws of peak flow and flood volume are basically consistent except for a few years.The research results can provide scientific basis for understanding the complex hydrological law of the Mekong Delta.

关 键 词：洪水特性 洪水演变 洪峰 洪量 洪水历时 湄公河三角洲 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]