气候变化下长江黄河源区水循环变化及生态效应  

Changes of water cycle elements and their ecological effects in source region of Changjiang River and Yellow River under climate change

作　　者：姚名泽 尹军 刘思敏 蒋青青 袁喆[3] YAO Mingze;YIN Jun;LIU Simin;JIANG Qingqing;YUAN Zhe(Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;China National Forestry-Grassland Development Research Center,Beijing 100714,China;Water Resources Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]国家林业和草原局发展研究中心,北京100714 [3]长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第3期74-82,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3201704);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB554);水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022039)。

摘　　要：长江黄河源区对中国的生态安全和区域发展有重要影响。当下该区域正在经历气候变化,受其影响源区的关键水循环要素也发生改变。气候变化和水循环要素变化下源区的生态出现了何种变化、水土涵养现状如何已成为普遍关注的问题。通过文献综述,总结梳理了气候变化下长江黄河源区关键水循环要素的基本变化情况及其产生的生态效应。研究结果表明:长江黄河源区气温升高显著,降水变化趋势存在区域差异;冰川积雪消融增加,冻土消融加剧;不同区域径流量变化趋势存在差异;源区植被覆盖度总体呈现上升趋势;沼泽草甸湿地和高寒泥炭湿地出现退化,而湖泊数量增多,面积增加显著;在多因子的综合作用下,源区河流输沙量平稳或是下降,水土涵养状况稳定或有所改善。未来气候变化的不确定性对源区生态的压力仍然存在,植被和湿地有退化风险;反映源区水土涵养状况的河流输沙系统驱动机制还不够明晰,相关研究还较少,与之相关的研究亟待进一步展开。The source regions of the Changjiang River and Yellow River have a significant impact on China′s ecological security and regional development.Nowadays,the source regions of the two rivers are experiencing the process of climate change,and the key elements of the water cycle in the source regions are also varying under the influence of climate.What kind of ecological alteration have occurred in the source regions under the changes of climate and water cycle elements,and what is the current status of soil and water conservation has become a common concern.We summarized the basic changes of key water cycle elements and their ecological effects in the source regions under climate change by means of literature review.The results indicate that air temperature in the source regions increases significantly,and there are regional differences in precipitation trends;the melting of glacier and snow increases,and frozen soil thawing is intensified;there are differences in the trends of runoff variation in different regions.The vegetation cover of the source regions shows an overall increasing trend,with degradation of swampy meadow wetlands and alpine peat wetlands,while the number and area of lakes increases significantly.Under the combined effect of multiple factors,the river sediment discharge in the source regions is stable or decreasing,the soil and water conservation condition is stable or improved.Uncertainty of future climate change makes the ecological pressure in the source regions still exist,and the vegetation and wetlands are at a risk of degradation.The systematic driving mechanism of river sediment transport which reflects the soil and water conservation status in the source regions is not clear enough,and the relevant research is still relatively scarce and need to be strengthened.

关 键 词：水循环要素 气候变化 生态效应 长江黄河源区 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]