国家创新治理体系:发展水平、关键要素及适应性——一项中国与OECD国家的比较  

National innovation governance system:Development level,key elements and adaptability——A comparison of China and OECD countries

作　　者：柳玉梅 陈灵芝 孙玉涛[1,2] LIU Yu-mei;CHEN Ling-zhi;SUN Yu-tao(School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;Research Center for S&T Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Industrial Transformation,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学经济管理学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学科技创新创业与产业转型研究中心,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《科学学研究》2024年第3期660-672,共13页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD074)。

摘　　要：在国家创新体系、国家创新(体系)治理体系和国家创新(体系)能力理论研究基础上,本研究首先构建国家创新治理体系发展水平、国家创新能力和二者适应性三个评价体系;其次,运用熵值法、均方差法、主观评价G1法和模糊Borda法测度中国与OECD国家创新治理体系发展水平;再次,采用LightGBM机器学习识别治理体系驱动国家创新能力提升的关键要素;最后,采用灰色关联度探究治理体系与创新能力的整体适应性。研究发现:第一,各国创新治理体系发展水平差异显著,治理体系各维度发展不均衡会降低治理水平;中国属于低水平国家,完善政策工具和体制规则是提升治理体系发展水平的关键。第二,国家创新治理体系中政府研发经费配置比例、政策数量、全社会研发人才占比是驱动国家创新能力提升的三个关键因素。第三,国家创新治理体系水平与国家创新能力相当时,二者表现出适应性,中国属于高适应性国家,创新治理体系与国家创新能力大致同向发展。研究结果为推进国家治理体系现代化和提升国家创新体系效能提供决策依据。Based on the theoretical studies of national innovation system,national innovation(system)governance system and national innovation(system)capability,this study first constructs three evaluation systems for the development level of national innovation gov-ernance system,national innovation capacity and the adaptability between the both;secondly,measures the development level of innovation governance system in China and OECD countries by using entropy value method,mean squared difference method subjective evaluation G1 method and fuzzy Borda method;again,adopts LightGBM machine learning is used to identify the key elements of the governance system driving national innovation capacity enhancement;finally,gray correlation is used to explore the overall adaptability of governance system and innovation capacity.It is found that:firstly,the level of development of innovation governance systems varies significantly across countries,and uneven development of the dimensions of governance systems reduces the level of governance;the uneven development of each dimension of governance system will reduce the level of governance;China is a low level country;improving policy tools and institutional rules will help to improve the development level of governance system.Second,the ratio of government R&D funding allocation,the number of policies,and the proportion of R&D talents in the whole society are the three key factors of the national innovation governance system driving the improvement of national innovation capacity.Third,when the level of national innovation governance system and national innovation capability are comparable,both show adaptability,and China belongs to high adaptability,and the high reason is the roughly homogeneous development of innovation governance system and national innovation capability.The research results help to improve the national innovation governance system and enhance the national innovation capacity,and provide a basis for decision-making on the reform of the national science and technology

关 键 词：国家创新体系 国家创新治理体系 国家创新能力 适应性 综合评价 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]