羊肚菌种植区土壤重金属积累特征及生态风险评价  

Accumulation characteristics and ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in the soil of morel cultivation areas

作　　者：杨珍 刘慧娟 陈旭[1] 杜慕云[1] 朱森林[1] 陈波 王晓敏[1] 杨仁德[1] 张邦喜 张钦语 YANG Zhen;LIU Hui-juan;CHEN Xu;DU Mu-yun;ZHU Sen-lin;CHEN Bo;WANG Xiao-min;YANG Ren-de;ZHANG Bang-xi;ZHANG Qin-yu(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control,Ministry of Education,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州医科大学环境污染与疾病监控教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《应用化工》2022年第S01期95-100,共6页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：黔科合支撑(2019)2366;黔科合支撑(2021)一般198;黔科合服企(2018)4002-2;黔科合服企(2021)1号;黔科合重大专项字(2019)3007;黔农科院青年基金(2019)22;黔农科院青年基金(2018)10;筑科合同(2020)-18-6;黔科中引地(2018)4017。

摘　　要：通过地累积综合污染指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和污染负荷指数法揭示羊肚菌不同种植基地土壤Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的污染状况及土壤健康风险程度,从而为羊肚菌种植基地的选择提供科学依据。结果表明,15.38%的A基地土壤Cd含量超过土壤污染风险筛选值,其中最大值超标1.07倍;50%的B基地土壤Cd含量超过土壤污染风险筛选值,其中最大值超标2.5倍;70%的C基地Cd含量超过土壤污染风险筛选值,其中最大值超标2.33倍。利用地质累积指数法发现:A基地的I_(geo)-Pb、I_(geo)-Cd、I_(geo)-Cr、I_(geo)-Hg、I_(geo)-As值均小于0,表明此基地土壤未受到上述重金属污染;但B基地18.18%的I_(geo)-Cd在0~1之间、C基地55.56%采样位点I_(geo)-Cd在0~1之间,存在轻度污染。通过潜在生态危害指数法发现:A、B、C基地均存在轻微生态风险水平。利用污染负荷指数法发现:A、B、C基地土壤均处于无污染水平。三种方法表明,羊肚菌A、B、C种植基地土壤中Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As的污染以Cd为主,评价基地土壤污染状况及土壤健康风险需要多种方法结合评价。In order to reveal the pollution status of heavy metals in the soil of Morchella esculenta planting bases,the applicability of different evaluation methods to Morchella esculenta planting base was discussed to provide scientific basis for the selection of Morchella esculenta planting base and the study of soil health risk.Heavy metals in the soil of Morchella esculenta planting base were evaluated by the methods of cumulative comprehensive pollution index,potential ecological risk index and pollution load index.The results have shown the total amount of Cd in 15.38%of sampled soil at sites from Base A has exceeded the screening value of soil pollution risk,and the maximum value is 1.07 times of the screening value of soil pollution risk.The total amount of Cd in 50%of sampled soil at sites from Base B has exceeded the screening value of soil pollution risk,and the maximum value is 2.5 times of the screening value of soil pollution risk;the total amount of Cd in 70%of sampled soil at sites from Base C has exceeded the screening value of soil pollution risk,and the maximum value is 2.33 times of the screening value of soil pollution risk.The geoaccumulation index method has shown the values of Igeo-Pb,Igeo-Cd,Igeo-Cr,Igeo-Hg and Igeo-As of all samples in the bases are less than 0,which indicates that the soil in the bases is not polluted by these five heavy metals;18.18%of Igeo-C at sites from Base B and 55.56%of that at sites from Base C are both between 0 and 1,indicating slight pollution.The potential ecological risk index method has shown that there is a slight ecological risk level in the three bases.The pollution load index method has shown that the soil from Base A,B and C are in a non-pollution level.The pollution characteristics of heavy metals in the three bases for Morchella esculenta cultivation are basically the same and Cd is the main element.As is shown above,the pollution has slight effect on the soil in the base,and the soil is still in good condition.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 土壤重金属 地累积综合污染指数法 潜在生态风险指数法 污染负荷指数法 

分 类 号：S481.8[农业科学—农药学] X833[农业科学—植物保护] TS201.6[环境科学与工程—环境工程]