中国农业绿色转型的历史逻辑、理论阐释与实践探索  

Historical Logic,Theoretical Interpretation,and Practical Exploration of China's Agricultural Green Transformation

作　　者：金书秦 张哲晰 胡钰 杜志雄[2] JIN Shuqin;ZHANG Zhexi;HU Yu;DU Zhixiong

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810 [2]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2024年第3期4-19,共16页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“农业绿色发展背景下促进多元主体种养结合的机制设计研究”(编号:20AGL022)。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,我国农业经历了从大水大肥到减排固碳的绿色升华。党的二十大报告进一步发出了加快发展方式绿色转型的时代强音,农业绿色发展被赋予更高期待。本文从历史逻辑、理论逻辑和实践逻辑出发,系统回顾了我国农业绿色发展的现实压力与实际需要,分析了多功能视角下农业绿色转型的演化逻辑与路径,总结农业绿色转型的施政策略与成效,研究提出新时代适应中国国情农情的农业绿色发展战略考量:当前及未来一段时间,农业绿色发展将面临三个转变,在战略上,从“攻坚战”转为“持久战”;在战术上,从问题倒逼、要素减量到主动求变、系统绿化;在战法上,从行政推动到市场驱动。具体来看,必须牢牢守住保障粮食安全的底线,夯实农业绿色发展的基础;更加注重以市场为导向探索“产品—服务—功能”的农业生态价值实现路径,为农业绿色发展提供持续动力;重构种养结合产业链条,加快建设农牧共生互促、资源利用高效的生态循环农业体系,形成农业全链条绿色协同发展格局。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China's agriculture has experienced a green development process from ensuring agricultural output by relying on chemical input to reducing pollution and carbon emissions.In the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,it is further emphasized to accelerate the green transformation of the development mode,and the green development of agriculture is given higher expectations.Starting from the historical logic,theoretical logic and practical logic,systematically reviewing the realistic pressure and needs of China's agricultural green development,analyzing the logic and evolution track of agricultural green development from a multifunctional perspective,summarizing the policy effects of agricultural green transformation,we study and propose strategic considerations of agricultural green development that adapt to China's national and agricultural conditions in the new era.At present and in the near future,agricultural green development will face three transformations:in strategy,from“tough battle”to“lasting war”;in tactics,from problem forcing and input factor reduction to active change and systematic greening;in methods,from administrative promotion to market driven.To be specific,we must firmly safeguard food security as the bottom line to consolidate the foundation of green agricultural development.We must pay more attention to market-oriented path to realize the agricultural ecological value of“product-service-function”to provide sustainable impetus for the green development of agriculture.We must restructure the industrial chain of combination of planting and breeding,accelerate the construction of an ecological circular agricultural system that characterized by the symbiosis and mutual promotion of agriculture and animal husbandry and efficient resource utilization,and form a coordinated green development pattern of the whole agricultural chain.

关 键 词：农业绿色转型 农业多功能性 保供增收 生态价值实现 种养结合 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]