零工经济与数字游民的政治经济学分析——以平台零工逆向劳动过程为中心  

A Political-economical Analysis of Gig Economy and Digital"Nomads":Centering Around the Reverse Labor Process of Platform Gig Workers

作　　者：吴静[1] WU Jing

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学哲学系、南京师范大学数字与人文研究中心,江苏省南京市210023

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2024年第1期32-40,162,共10页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BZX011)。

摘　　要：以平台为中介的零工劳动近年来呈现出方兴未艾的发展趋势。零工经济现象火热的背后,反映出的是数字技术的发展所推动的劳动力商品再生产的现实条件的变化。这种“按需用工”的劳动方式迎合了数字平台时代劳动力商品自由流动的特征。对零工经济的政治经济学剖析,须从其背后所隐含的劳资关系入手,探析平台零工逆向劳动过程的实质。对平台零工劳动的考察表明,数字时代的政治经济学批判,既要刺破“技术例外主义”的意识形态神话外衣,深入平台零工劳动过程、劳动关系的组织形式、劳动的社会化迁移等具体现实的分析之中;也要回归到马克思政治经济学批判的立场,在资本关系中剖析现象背后的问题:平台资本借零工劳动所增强的对劳动剩余价值的占有,以及平台资本借助“连接”服务所实现的对社会总体吸纳的强化。唯有如此,才能对数字时代的劳资问题及资本生产关系作出批判性说明。Platform-mediated gig labour has shown a thriving development trend in recent years.Behind the phenomenon is the change in the actual conditions of reproduction of labour commodities driven by the development of digital technology.This work-on-demand mode of labour caters to the characteristics of the free flow of labor goods in the digital platform era,and is the product of cap and technological change.Analysis of the gig economy must start from the labor-management relationship behind it and explore the essence of"the reverse of labour process"of platform gig workers.On the one hand,gig labour makes the direct purchase of labour,rather than labour force,becoming the main expression of capital production.On the other hand,this kind of labour purchase profoundly reveals the essence of the exploitation of the labour process by platform capital.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify some misinterpretations of the reverse labor process,thus returning to Marx's historical materialism,and starting from the dimension of worker-capitalist relations,so as to explore the social roots of the technical ideological myth of platform gig labour in the digital age.

关 键 词：按需用工 零工 劳动力商品 逆向劳动 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F014.2