塔里木盆地塔西南山前带地震技术攻关进展及发展方向  

Development and prospects of seismic techniques for the piedmont in southwestern Tarim Basin

作　　者：赵邦六 刘依谋 李大军[2] 师骏[2] 赵锐锐[2] ZHAO Bangliu;LIU Yimou;LI Dajun;SHI Jun;ZHAO Ruirui(PetroChina Oil,Gas and New Energies Company,Beijing 100007,China;PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油油气和新能源分公司,北京100007 [2]中国石油塔里木油田分公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《石油物探》2024年第2期265-278,共14页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技攻关项目(2023ZZ1405)资助。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地西南坳陷复杂山地山前带处于西昆仑造山带与天山造山带的交汇处,强烈挤压作用造成地下构造高陡破碎,与复杂多变的近地表地震地质条件共同造成地震原始数据信噪比极低,构造成像困难,是国内少有的超高难度探区。受地震资料品质影响,该区油气勘探长期未取得实质性突破。近年来持续开展了地震勘探攻关,采集方面加强近地表调查及激发接收参数优选,优化观测系统设计,开展线束地震及高密度宽方位三维地震采集技术攻关;处理方面探索多重联合约束初至层析反演、黄土区“黑三角”带强能量噪声压制、真地表速度建模和深度偏移成像等技术。经过技术攻关,地震资料品质不断得到提高,发现和落实了一批钻探目标,首次在侏罗系砂岩和石炭—二叠系碳酸盐岩取得两项重大突破,打开了塔西南山前带油气勘探新局面。The piedmont of the complex mountain in southwestern Tarim Basin,located at the intersection of the West Kunlun orogenic belt and the Tianshan orogenic belt,is one of the scarce extremely-challenging exploration areas in China.The high-dip angle and fragmentized underground structures induced by strong compression of the two orogenic belts and the complex and varying near-surface seismic geological conditions jointly lead to extremely low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of raw seismic data,bringing difficulty to the imaging of the underground structures.For this reason,there has been no substantial breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration in this area.In recent years,great efforts have been devoted to seismic exploration.In view of seismic acquisition,near-surface seismic survey is strengthened,the shooting and receiving parameters are optimized,the geometry design is updated,and the beam seismic and high-density wide-azimuth 3D seismic techniques are upgraded.In view of seismic processing,some attempts are made in constrained first arrival tomography inversion,strong energy noise suppression at“black triangle belt”of the seismic records,true surface velocity modeling,and depth migration imaging.By virtue of these efforts,the quality of seismic data has been continuously improved,and many drilling targets have been discovered.Two major breakthroughs have been made in the Jurassic sandstone and the Carboniferous-Permian carbonate rocks for the first time,opening up a new stage of oil and gas exploration in the piedmont in southwestern Tarim Basin.

关 键 词：塔西南 双复杂 超高难度 极低信噪比 地震攻关 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]