一种基于高频噪声定量约束函数的地震高分辨率处理方法  

A high-resolution seismic processing method based on quantitative constraint function of high-frequency noises

作　　者：徐海 王光付[1] 李发有[1] 孙建芳 冯玉良 都小芳 XU Hai;WANG Guangfu;LI Fayou;SUN Jianfang;FENG Yuliang;DU Xiaofang(Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China;International Petroleum Exploration and Production Corporation,SINOPEC,Beijing 100029,China;Geological Research Center,Geological Research Institute,BGP Inc.,CNPC,Zhuozhou 072750,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206 [2]中国石化国际石油勘探开发有限公司,北京100029 [3]中国石油东方地球物理公司研究院地质研究中心,河北涿州072750

出　　处：《石油物探》2024年第2期408-416,共9页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U23B6004);中石化科技部专项课题(P20072-2)共同资助。

摘　　要：系统分析了现有地震数据高分辨率处理方法的适用性及不足,探索了一种基于高频噪声定量约束函数的高分辨率处理方法,有效且保真地提高地震资料信噪比与分辨率。通过分析叠后地震数据有效信号带宽,设计了压制高频噪声的最大概率准则和定量约束函数,通过多次迭代压制噪声,提高全频带信号的信噪比,逐步分级拓宽地震有效频带宽度,循环迭代求取反射系数,将提取的地震子波与反射系数褶积得到高分辨率地震数据体。测试校验对比其它高分辨率地震处理结果,处理后的数据体具有垂向分辨率高、主频高且频带宽的特点,有效视主频由50 Hz提高至100 Hz左右,地质目标视分辨率相应提高近1倍。基于该提频数据与波阻抗反演实现了2~5 m地质目标的定性与定量预测,钻井验证符合率90%以上,有效指导井位部署。该方法弥补了在传统“有效带宽”内提高地震高频信号的不足,实现了全频带内重构高、低频有效信号的目的。Based on the discussion of the applicability and limitations of existing high-resolution processing techniques,we propose a new method based on the quantitative constraint function of high-frequency noises to improve seismic resolution and signal-to-noise ratio in the context of amplitude preservation.In view of the effective bandwidth of poststack seismic data,we formulate the maximum probability criterion and quantitative constraint function for iterative high-frequency noise reduction to expand effective frequency band step by step and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of full-band data.Reflection coefficients calculated iteratively are convolved with seismic wavelet to obtain high-resolution seismic data.Compared with other high-resolution processing techniques,our method yields a data volume with high vertical resolution,high dominant frequency,and wide band;effective apparent dominant frequency increases from 50 to 100 Hz,and apparent resolution nearly doubles.Based on the frequency data and wave impedance inversion,the qualitative and quantitative prediction of 2~5 meters geological targets is realized,and the verfication test matches with more than 90%of the targets,which effectively guides the well location deployment.This new method performs better than routine techniques in high-frequency signal enhancement within the effective frequency band and thus realizes high-and low-frequency signal reconstruction for full-band data.

关 键 词：高分辨率 高频噪声 噪声定量约束函数 多次迭代 反射系数 有效带宽 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]