汽车-动力两轮车碰撞前驾驶员风险感知研究  

Research on Drivers′Hazard Perception Before Vehicle-to-Powered Two-Wheeler Crashes

作　　者：王兴华 胡林[1,2] 彭勇[3] 伍贤辉 向国梁 许倩 Wang Xinghua;Hu Lin;Peng Yong;Wu Xianhui;Xiang Guoliang;Xu Qian(School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114;Changsha University of Science and Technology,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Changsha 410114;Central South University,The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Changsha 410075)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,长沙410114 [2]长沙理工大学,工程车辆安全性设计与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114 [3]中南大学,重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室,长沙410075

出　　处：《汽车工程》2024年第3期498-508,共11页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52172399,52211530054);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(21A0193)资助。

摘　　要：人机共驾阶段人类驾驶员对驾驶环境保持较高的风险感知水平是保证及时有效、稳定安全接管的核心。本研究通过开展风险感知模拟驾驶试验,获取了驾驶员在典型汽车-动力两轮车碰撞场景下的驾驶行为及脑电响应数据。从驾驶行为层面以制动TTC(time to collision)和平均加速度为评价指标,利用分位数回归构建了驾驶员风险感知量化模型,通过独立样本检验发现驾驶经验、碰撞场景类型对驾驶员风险感知存在显著影响。在脑电响应层面,通过双独立样本检验及FDR校正发现Alpha频段与驾驶员风险感知显著相关。此外,提出了驾驶员风险感知神经机理,包括视觉感知与认知加工两个阶段。研究结果有助于提升人机共驾汽车的安全性。In the human-machine co-driving stage,the drivers′hazard perception of driving environment at a high level is the core to ensure timely,effective,stable,safe takeover.In this study,the driving behaviors and electroencephalogram(EEG)responses of drivers in typical vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler crash scenarios are obtained by conducting the hazard perception simulation driving tests.From the perspective of driving behaviors,a quantitative model of drivers′hazard perception is built through quantile regression with the braking TTC(Time to Collision)and average acceleration as evaluation indexes.Through independent sample test,it is found that the driving experience and collision scenario types have a significant impact on drivers′hazard perception.From the perspective of EEG responses,it is found that the Alpha band is significantly correlated with hazard perception ability through double independent sample test and FDR correction.Furthermore,the drivers′hazard perception neural mechanism is proposed,including two stages of visual perception and cognitive processing.The research results contribute to improving the safety of human-machine co-driving vehicles.

关 键 词：汽车-动力两轮车碰撞 模拟驾驶试验 驾驶行为 脑电响应 风险感知 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]