不同株型水稻的农艺性状及其主效基因多态性分析  

Performance of agronomic traits and polymorphism of major genes of rice with different plant architectures

作　　者：苟兆霞 梁程 傅娅菲 徐浩扬 韩伊曼 彭友林 向珣朝 GOU Zhao-xia;LIANG Cheng;FU Ya-fei;XU Hao-yang;HAN Yi-man;PENG You-lin;XIANG Xun-chao(Plant Molecular Genetics and Breeding Laboratory,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学植物分子遗传育种实验室,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第11期3186-3197,共12页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：四川省重点研发计划项目(重大科技专项)(2019YFN0019);西南科技大学大学生创新基金项目精准资助专项(JZ22-067)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同株型水稻的农艺性状及其主效基因多态性,揭示不同株型水稻的产量性状和遗传基础,为理想株型育种提供理论参考。【方法】以理想株型品系少蘖粳为对照,从背背糯、粳糯1号及重组开花后自交系中的自然重组新种质RIL60和RIL61为材料,探究不同株型水稻的农艺性状表现和遗传差异,比较其在不同天数(DAF)(10、17、24和31 DAF)的株型特点,同时对5份种质进行理想株型基因IPA1、Gn1a和DEP1及糯性基因Wx的基因型鉴定。【结果】少蘖粳为ipa1和gn1a-m1突变型,其叶部性状与其他种质差异较大,具有剑叶长、倒三叶短和叶窄的特点,在4个发育期茎、叶、穗干重均小于其他种质,但其穗干重在不同发育期中的增幅大于其他种质,表明该种质在相同时间内具有更强的光能利用率和干物质积累率,其千粒重较其余4份种质具有较大优势。RIL60的功能叶叶角度与其他种质有较大差异,其呈塔形的特点更有利于光合产物的积累,故更接近理想株型形态,其穗重低于RIL61,但其单株有效穗数较RIL61显著增加(P<0.05,下同),导致其单株产量与RIL61无显著差异(P>0.05)。RIL61在4个发育期中功能叶叶面积较其他4个种质更具优势。背背糯为dep1突变型,有更紧凑的株型和直立穗,在前期穗干物质积累量较低,但在31 DAF时期超过其他种质,具有更多的一次和二次分枝,穗间紧密,属于重穗型种质,说明其光合产物的转换能力较强。粳糯1号在穗重和着粒密度等性状上均无优势,但由于其有效穗数最多,故单株产量最高。影响理想株型水稻产量的穗部指标权重为单株有效穗数>穗重>千粒重。【结论】RIL60和少孽粳基本符合无效分蘖少、每穗实粒数多、优良的受光姿态、厚且结实的茎秆等理想株型特征,可作为理想株型育种种质。粳糯1号的株型较好且有较多的单株有效分蘖数和较高的单株产量,也可作【Objective】The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance of agronomic traits and major genes polymorphism of rice with different plant architectures,to reveal their yield traits and genetic basis,and to provide theo‐retical reference for ideal plant architecture breeding.【Method】The ideal plant architecture strain Shaoniejing was used as the control,and the natural recombinant new germplasm RIL60 and RIL61 came from Beibeinuo,Jingnuo 1 and a recom‐binant inbred line were used as materials to study the agronomic trait performances and genetic differences of rice with dif‐ferent plant architectures,and to compare the plant architecture characteristics at different days after flowering(10,17,24 and 31 DAF).At the same time,the ideal plant architecture genes IPA1,Gn1a and DEP1 and the waxy gene Wx geno‐types were identified for the five germplasms.【Result】Shaoniejing was ipa1 and gn1a-m1 mutant,and its leaf traits were greatly different from other germplasms,with the characteristics of longer lanceolate leaves,shorter inverted trilobate leaves and narrower leaves.The stem,leaf and panicle dry matter of Shaoniejing were less than those of other germplasms throughout four developmental stages.However,the increase of panicle dry matter at different developmental stages was greater than that of other germplasms,indicating that this germplasm had stronger utilization rate of light energy and dry matter accumulation rate within the same period of time,and it had a significant advantage in 1000-grain weight com‐pared to the other four germplasms.The functional leaf angle of RIL60 was greatly different from other germplasms,and its tower-type characteristic was more conducive to the accumulation of photosynthetic products,thus it was closer to the ideal plant architecture.Its panicle weight was lower than that of RIL61,but it showed a significant increase in the num‐ber of effective panicles per plant compared to RIL61(P<0.05,the same below),resulting in no significant difference in yield pe

关 键 词：水稻(Oryza sativa L.) 理想株型 农艺性状 IPA1 GN1A DEP1 Waxy(Wx) 

分 类 号：S511.035.3[农业科学—作物学]