论未登记不动产抵押合同债权人的非典型性担保权——兼论《担保制度解释》第46条的修改建议  

On the Atypical Security Right of the Unregistered Real Estate Mortgage Contract Creditors——Suggestions on the Revision of Article 46 of the“Interpretation of the Guarantee System”

作　　者：卢雄江 LU Xiong-jiang(Hainan University,Haikou 570105,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学,海南海口570228

出　　处：《青岛远洋船员职业学院学报》2024年第1期13-22,共10页Journal of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College

基　　金：海南省研究生创新课题:“海南自贸港对标CPTPP等国际经贸规则对策研究”(项目编号:Qhys2022-10)。

摘　　要：《担保制度解释》第46条整体采纳违约责任作为不动产抵押权未办理设立登记时债权人的救济路径,但违约责任无法解释物上代位规则的插入应用问题。基于充分保护债权人的利益与提高物的效用的考量,宜承认债权人可基于有效的抵押合同主张担保权利。此种担保权利权仅具有债权性质,债权人不享有优先权与对物的追及效力。此项担保权利与《民法典》所规定的典型担保权类型均有所不同,应认定为非典型担保权。其基本构造为在债务人到期不履行债务时,债权人可基于有效的担保合同,申请人民法院拍卖、变卖仍为抵押人所有的现存担保物,但是不具有优先受偿效力。Article 46 of the Interpretation of the Guarantee System adopts the liability for breach of contract as the remedy path for creditors when the registration of real estate mortgage is not handled,but the liability for breach of contract cannot explain the insertion and application of the subrogation rule.In consideration of adequate protection of the interests of the creditor and enhancement of the utility of the property,it is appropriate to recognize that the creditor can claim a security right based on a valid mortgage contract.This kind of security right only has the nature of creditor's right,the creditor does not enjoy the priority and the effect of the pursuit of the object.This security right is different from the typical type of security right stipulated in the Civil Code and should be regarded as atypical security right.Its basic structure is that when the debtor fails to perform the debt at the due date,the creditor can apply to the people's court to auction and sell the existing security property still owned by the mortgagor based on the effective guarantee contract,but it does not have the effect of priority compensation.

关 键 词：担保权利 债权效力 《担保制度解释》第46条 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]