遭受义“把”字句的产生理据——兼议“变异性扩展”和“承契特征”  

Motivations of BA Sentences with the Meaning of Suffering:A Discussion on“Mutating Extension”and“Junctional Features”

作　　者：彭睿[1] Peng Rui

机构地区：[1]新加坡国立大学中文系,新加坡119260

出　　处：《辞书研究》2024年第2期93-110,I0002,共19页Lexicographical Studies

摘　　要：遭受义“把”字句是一个义类容量较小的独立图式性构式,其直接来源是致使义“把”字句中的消损类。尽管其后果为“形式旧—意义新”组配,从致使义“把”字句到遭受义“把”字句的演变并不属于变异性扩展,因为按照目前的“扩展中的语义变异”假设,经变异性扩展产生的新图式性构式是源构式边缘义类或边缘构例的意义进一步创新的结果,而作为遭受义“把”字句源头的消损类致使义“把”字句也并非某个图式性构式的边缘义类。承契特征的作用在遭受义“把”字句的个案里体现得很清楚。遭受义“把”字句的最重要特征之一是其中的“违愿”或“不幸”意涵,该意涵根源于消损类致使义“把”字句一个既有的语义语用限制条件,即“NP+VP”的结果存在负面色彩。BA sentences with a meaning of suffering,referred to as“suffering BA sentences,”form an independent schematic construction with a relatively limited semantic category capacity.These sentences directly derive from the damaging semantic subtype in causative BA sentences.Although the result is a combination of“formold-meaningnew,”the evolution from causative BA sentences to suffering BA sentences is not considered as mutating extension for two reasons.Firstly,based on the current hypothesis of“semantic mutating in extension,”newly formed schematic constructions through mutating extension are innovative outcomes of marginal semantic subtypes or instances in the source constructions.Secondly,the damaging subtype in causative BA sentences,which serves as the source for suffering BA sentences,is not among the marginal semantic subtypes of any schematic construction.The role of junctional features becomes evident in cases of suffering BA sentences.These sentences are known for implying“unwillingness”or“misfortune”,stemming from pre-existing restrictive conditions in the semantic-pragmatic side of the damaging subtype in causative BA sentences,where the result of“NP+VP”carries a negative connotation.

关 键 词：遭受义 致使义 变异性扩展 承契特征 意义先行假说 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]