不平等与经济效率:微观视角  

Inequality and Economic Efficiency:A Micro Perspective

作　　者：王洪东 张衔[2] Wang Hongdong;Zhang Xian

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院 [2]四川大学经济学院

出　　处：《政治经济学研究》2023年第4期25-37,共13页Chinese Journal of Political Economics

基　　金：2021年教育部人文社会科学研究专项(中国特色社会主义理论体系研究)“扎实推动共同富裕研究”(21JD710008)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：不平等与经济效率的关系既是一个重要的理论问题,也是决策者需要权衡的政策问题。经济学界对不平等与经济效率的关系研究存在分歧,利用宏观数据进行实证研究得出的结论和纯粹思辨都没有得出一致结论。本文从微观视角再次审视不平等对经济效率的影响,结论是:不平等损害经济效率。其机理是:就生产者个人而言,收入不平等会降低劳动者的生产性努力,从而损害效率。劳动者降低生产性努力是因为不平等破环了劳动者努力的主客观条件。主观上,不平等使劳动者产生不公平感,因而减少努力;客观上,不平等损害劳动者健康,劳动力再生产难以提高,因而减少努力。就企业层面而言,不平等会导致企业增加监督等非生产性投入,这些投入在技术上无效率。这是由不平等引发的资源错配而产生的效率损失。本文的研究强化了不平等损害经济效率的结论,不论从个人、企业还是社会,不平等都应该治理。在治理不平等时,政府应介入初次分配而不仅仅是再分配。The relationship between inequality and economic efficiency is both an important theoretical is-sue and a policy issue for policy makers to weigh.Research on the this relationship is divided among econo-mists,and the conclustions drawn from empirical studies using macro data and purely theoretical studies have failed to reach unanimous conclusions.This paper re-examines the impact of inequality on economic efficiency from a micro perspective and concludes that inequality undermines economic efficiency.The mechanism is that,for individual producers,income inequality reduces the productive effort of workers due to by disrupting the subjective and objective conditions of their effort,and thus undermines efficiency.Subjectively,inequality creates a sense of unfairness in workers,thus reducing their efforts;objectively,inequality harms the health of workers and makes it difficult to increase the reproduction of labor,thus reducing their efforts.At the enter-prise level,inequality causes enterprises to increase unproductive inputs such as supervision,which are techni-cally inefficient.This is an efficiency loss due to resource mismatch induced by inequality.The research in this paper reinforces the conclusion that inequality undermines economic efficiency,and that inequality should be addressed at the individual,firm and societal levels.In the fight against inequality,the government should in-tervene in primary distribution,not just redistribution.

关 键 词：不平等 经济效率 公平 劳动力再生产 监督 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]