沁水盆地煤层气地震资料处理技术  

CBM seismic data processing technology in Qinshui Basin

作　　者：侯艳 柯沛 宁宏晓[1] 刘宁 王天云 李陶 孙小萍 张伟 HOU Yan;KE Pei;NING Hongxiao;LIU Ning;WANG Tianyun;LI Tao;SUN Xiaoping;ZHANG Wei(BGP Inc.,China National Petroleum Corporation,Hebei Zhuozhou 072751,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司,河北涿州072751

出　　处：《非常规油气》2024年第2期9-20,共12页Unconventional Oil & Gas

基　　金：中国石油重大科技专项“海陆过渡相页岩气勘探开发关键技术研究——海陆过渡相页岩气地震储层预测及测井评价技术研究”(2021DJ2002)。

摘　　要：为了准确预测沁水盆地煤层气勘探有利区,开展了煤层气地震资料处理关键技术研究。研究结果表明:1)层析反演技术配合地表一致性剩余静校正技术,可以较好地解决资料中存在的静校正问题,最终99%以上的炮点和检波点校正量约束在一个样点间隔范围内,目的层反射连续性增强,信噪比得到大幅度提高;2)基于AVO正演道集的保幅去噪质控技术,可以定量评价去噪保幅性,去噪后井点位置地震道集的AVO特征与正演道集的AVO特征相似程度达到90%以上;3)对于黄土山地地震资料,近地表Q补偿加串联反褶积可以有效改善地震资料的频谱,最终成果主频可达37 Hz,频宽达到4.5个倍频程,满足叠前、叠后反演对资料的频率需求;4)OVG道集不仅保留了方位角和炮检距信息,同时其近中远炮检距能量均衡,能更好地满足叠前裂缝检测的需求,提高裂缝检测的精度;5)将采区内生产井的产水与产气信息作为验证手段,对成果的构造形态以及断层合理性予以质控,更能保证处理成果的真实性与合理性。以上成果认识对地震勘探技术在煤层气有利区预测中的成功应用具有一定的指导意义,满足煤层气高效开发的需求。In order to accurately predict the favorable area of coalbed methane exploration in Qinshui Basin,the key technology for CBM seismic data processing was researched.The research result shows that:1)Tomographic inversion combined with surface consistency residual static correction can better solve the static correction problems in the data,and more than 99%of the source and receiver correction amount is finally limited to a sample point interval.The reflection continuity of the target layer is enhanced,and the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly improved.2)Based on AVO forward modeling,quality control of the amplitude preservation of denoising can be quantitatively evaluated,and the AVO characteristics of the seismic set at the well point after denoising are more than 90%similar to those of the synthetic AVO gather.3)For the seismic data of loess mountains,near-surface Q compensation with cascaded deconvolution can effectively improve the spectrum of seismic data.The dominant frequency is 37 Hz,and the frequency bandwidth reaches 4.5 octaves in the result data,which meets the frequency requirements of pre-and post-stack inversion.4)The OVG retains the azimuth angles and offset information and balances the energy of the near,medium,and far offsets.It can better meet the needs of pre-stack crack detection and improve detection accuracy.5)The water and gas production information of wells is used as a verification method for the first time;the structural and fault rationality of the results are quality controlled,which can ensure the authenticity and rationality of the results.The recognition of the above results has an important guiding sense for the successful application of seismic exploration technology in the prediction of coalbed methane favorable areas,which meets the needs of efficient coalbed methane development.

关 键 词：沁水盆地 煤层气 地震勘探 综合静校正 去噪保幅 AVO正演建模 OVG道集 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]