乙醇汽油对汽车污染物排放影响研究进展  

Research Progress on Impact of Ethanol Gasoline on Vehicle Emissions

作　　者：魏阳冰 陈宏飞[1] 谢沛远 孙文欣 朱仁成[1,2] 王运静[2] 张超越 WEI Yangbing;CHEN Hongfei;XIE Peiyuan;SUN Wenxin;ZHU Rencheng;WANG Yunjing;ZHANG Chaoyue(School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学生态与环境学院,河南郑州450001 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第3期514-524,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：河南省自然科学基金面上项目(No.232300421243);中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室开放基金项目(No.VECS2022K05);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.2022YSKY-05)。

摘　　要：“双碳”背景下,替代燃料乙醇汽油的推广应用在汽车减污降碳和能源安全领域受到广泛关注.为研究乙醇汽油对汽车污染物和温室气体排放的影响,本研究基于大量文献数据,统计分析了乙醇汽油的使用对汽车尾气常规气态污染物、颗粒物(PM)、温室气体、挥发性有机物(VOCs)以及蒸发排放的影响,并综合评估其对二氧化碳(CO_(2))、PM和VOCs的减排效果,进一步针对典型区域分析乙醇汽油推广应用带来的环境效益.结果表明:①与传统汽油相比,乙醇汽油的使用可以降低尾气中总碳氢化合物(THC)、一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NOx)、VOCs、PM及其数量的排放,其降幅分别为10.0%、22.0%、1.3%、17.7%、21.3%、14.9%,且减排率均随汽油中乙醇含量的升高而增高,但是有增加VOCs蒸发排放量的趋势.②乙醇汽油对尾气中温室气体的减排效果并不显著,但通过减少化石燃料的使用能在一定程度上减少机动车尾气中CO_(2)的排放.以2022年河南省轻型汽油车保有量为基准,评估了河南省全省推广乙醇汽油(E10汽油)后轻型汽油车CO_(2)、PM及VOCs的减排量,分别为9.1×10^(5)、92.4和1118.1 t/a.研究显示,乙醇汽油的推广使用具有一定的减污降碳协同效益,加强蒸发排放控制能够进一步降低使用乙醇汽油时的污染物排放.In the context of‘carbon peaking and carbon neutrality’initiative,the utilization of ethanol gasoline as an alternative fuel has attracted significant interest for its potential to mitigate vehicular pollutants,reduce carbon emissions,and enhance energy security.To examine the effects of ethanol gasoline on vehicle pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions,this study conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis of its impact on regulated exhaust emissions,including gaseous compounds,particulate matter(PM),greenhouse gases,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and evaporative emissions.The reduction of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),PM,and VOCs achieved through the use of ethanol gasoline was comprehensively assessed,and the environmental advantages of implementing ethanol gasoline in a representative area were further evaluated.The results demonstrate that the use of ethanol gasoline resulted insignificant reductions in exhaust emissions of total hydrocarbons(THC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO_(x)),VOCs,PM,and particulate number(PN)by 10.0%,22.0%,1.3%,17.7%,21.3%and 14.9%,respectively,in comparison to conventional gasoline.The efficiency of emission reduction increases proportionally with the elevated ethanol content in gasoline,although it results in increased evaporative VOCs emissions.Ethanol gasoline does not have significant effect on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions,but it does help reducing vehicle CO_(2)emissions to some extent by reducing reliance on fossil fuels.Utilizing the 2022 inventory of light-duty gasoline vehicles in Henan Province as a baseline,the study assesses the emission reduction quantities of CO_(2),PM,and VOCs resulting from the province-wide adoption of ethanol gasoline(E10),amounting to 9.1×10^(5),92.4 and 1118.1 t/a,respectively.The results show that ethanol gasoline exhibits a synergistic benefit in pollution reduction and carbon mitigation,enhanced evaporative emission control can further mitigate pollutant emissions when utilizing ethanol gasoline.

关 键 词：乙醇汽油 尾气排放 蒸发排放 颗粒物(PM) 挥发性有机物(VOCs) 温室气体 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X513