中国居民家庭生活用水十点规律与认识  

Ten features of domestic water use in China and reflections

作　　者：赵勇[1] 朱永楠[1] 师林蕊 詹力炜 李海红[1] 何国华[1] 王丽珍[1] 秦长海[1] 何凡[1] Zhao Yong;Zhu Yongnan;Shi Linrui;Zhan Liwei;Li Haihong;He Guohua;Wang Lizhen;Qin Changhai;He Fan

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第4期27-33,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52009141);国家自然科学基金国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52025093)。

摘　　要：居民家庭生活用水刚性强、标准高,是水资源消费最主要的终端单元,也是近年来我国经济社会用水需求增长最快的用户,其发展规律和未来趋势深刻影响对总体用水格局的分析。通过系统监测、试验、调查和模拟研究,阐释了家庭生活用水行为占比、不同人群生活用水差异、节水器具、节水宣传、水价等对生活用水的影响规律,对比分析了国外和我国生活用水变化规律,提出家庭生活用水增长规律,构建了基于人口特征的需水变化曲线,预测了未来我国居民生活用水变化趋势,以期为我国生活节水管理和总体用水发展趋势研判提供参考。As a rigorous demand of residents,domestic water should be in high quality and meet the requirements of high standards.Domestic water use not only acts as the final user of water resources,but also the one with fast increase of demand in recent years for social and economic development in China.The features of its development and future trends have profound impact on the analysis of overall water use pattern.Through systematic monitoring,tests,survey,and simulation,introductions are made on the proportion of impacts made by water use behaviors,differences between water users,water-saving equipment,water-saving promotion,water tariff and pricing.Comparitive analysis was made on the changes and pattern of domestic water use in other countries and China,with proposal of growth pattern of domestic water use.A curve of water demand change based on population characteristics was created to predict the future trend of domestic water use in China,so as to provide reference for decision making in water management and conservation and studying the overall trend of water use and development in China.

关 键 词：生活用水 居民家庭 用水规律 节水潜力 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]