失效汽车尾气催化剂中铂族金属回收的研究进展  

Progress in the recovery of platinum group metals from spent automotive exhaust catalysts

作　　者：李明钢 高元兴 郭学益 LI Minggang;GAO Yuanxing;GUO Xueyi(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学冶金与环境学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《贵金属》2024年第1期78-89,共12页Precious Metals

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2023JJ30675)。

摘　　要：失效汽车尾气催化剂是回收铂族金属(铂、钯、铑)的重要二次资源。本文介绍了失效汽车尾气催化剂中铂族金属的回收工艺流程,包括失效催化剂预处理、铂族金属富集、分离与精炼三部分;详细介绍了两种高效预处理技术、两种富集方法以及四种分离与精炼工艺,总结了各种方法的原理、工艺流程、优缺点及改进方向。回收企业应根据回收规模和环保政策采用合适的回收工艺,以实现不同回收工艺之间的优势互补,未来需重点研发回收率高且环境友好的清洁回收工艺。Spent automotive exhaust catalysts are important secondary resources for recycling platinum group metals(PtPdRh).This paper described the process flow currently used in the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive exhaust catalysts,including pretreatment of spent catalysts,enrichment of platinum group metals,and refining and separation.In particular,two highly efficient pretreatment technologies,two types of enrichment methods,and four mainstream spent refining and processes were introduced in detail.The principles involved in process flow,advantages and disadvantages of each method,as well as the improvement directions in future were also explored and discussued.It is suggested that recycling enterprises should adopt suitable recycling processes according to the recycling scale and environmental protection policies to achieve a maximum gain among different recycling processes.and clean recycling processes with high recovery rates should be focused in the future.

关 键 词：铂族金属 失效汽车尾气催化剂 富集 分离与提纯 

分 类 号：TF83[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]