库尔勒香梨的光能截获率及冠层结构优化  

Light Interception Rate and Canopy Structure Optimization of Korla Fragrant Pear

作　　者：兖攀 王振东 邓永辉 陈奇凌[1] 郑强卿[1] YAN Pan;WANG ZhenDong;DENG YongHui;CHEN QiLing;ZHENG QiangQing(Institute of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Xinjiang Production&Construction Corp Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm Innovation and Quality Improvement and Efficiency Increment,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院林园研究所/库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第5期965-979,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：兵团农业科技创新工程专项(NCG202312);兵团重大科技项目(2021AA005,2019AA004);兵团财政科技计划(2020DA004)。

摘　　要：【目的】调查库尔勒香梨5种树形的冠层结构,分析不同树形冠层内的光照分布差异,建立光截获量日变化模型,计算光能截获率,明确库尔勒香梨冠层结构的调控方法和目标参数,为高光效树形培育提供参考依据。【方法】以不同树形的库尔勒香梨为试材,测定冠层结构参数和不同部位的光合有效辐射(photosynthetic effective radiation,PAR),基于象限思维构建三维空间,绘制光分布图,建立光能截获评价指标体系,计算光截获量和光能截获率,通过相关性分析和主成分分析,明确影响光能截获的主要冠层结构和调控方法。【结果】(1)大圆柱形的地径、平均枝粗较大,存在枝干比失调的主枝。圆柱形冠层上下的分枝数和枝粗更加均匀。窄圆柱形的分枝数、枝总长、平均枝长显著低于圆柱形。矮圆柱形的树高显著降低,其余参数与窄圆柱形相似。细长纺锤形的地径、平均枝长、平均枝粗、平均枝角、平均枝间距显著低于圆柱形,但短枝占比显著增加。(2)离主干距离和高度是影响冠层光截获量(light interception,LI)的主要因素,离主干100 cm处的平均光截获量(average light interception,ALI)显著提高,达到572μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),约为内膛的2倍,220 cm以下的光照条件均较差。南、北、东南、西南侧为高光区,西、东、东北、西北侧为低光区,ALI日变化可以大致分为5个时段。(3)树形变窄、变矮,可显著增加内膛ALI,显著增加各层或部分层次的ALI,显著增加所有或部分方位的ALI,显著增加部分时段的ALI。(4)细长纺锤形的单日累积光截获量(cumulative light interception,CLI)为22.2 mol·m^(-2),群体CLI为3 712 mol/667 m^(2),光能截获率(light interception rate,LIR)为35.6%,显著高于其他树形,其低光区占比(proportion of low light area,PLL)为50.9%,显著低于其他树形。(5)与光能截获率显著正相关的冠层结构参数有5个,显著负相关的冠层结构�【Objective】This study investigated the canopy structure of five tree shapes of Korla fragrant pears,analyzed the differences in light distribution within different tree shapes,established a daily change model of light interception,calculated the light interception rate,clarified the regulation methods and target parameters of the canopy structure,to provide a reference basis for cultivating high-light-efficiency tree shapes.【Method】Korla fragrant pear trees with different shapes were chosen as the test materials,the canopy structural parameters and photosynthetic-effective-radiation(PAR)passing through different tree shapes were measured.Based on a quadrant approach,a three-dimensional space was constructed,the light distribution maps were drawn,an evaluation index system of light interception was established,and the light interception amount and light interception rate were calculated.Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis,the main canopy structure and regulation methods that affect light interception were identified.【Result】(1)The ground diameter and average branch diameter of large cylindrical-shaped trees were larger,with main branches with imbalanced branch-to-trunk ratios.The number of branches and branch diameter through the canopy of the cylindrical-shaped trees were more uniform.The number of branches,total length of branches,and average branch length of the narrow cylindrical-shaped trees were significantly lower than those of the cylindrical-shaped trees.The height of trees with the short cylindrical-shaped trees was significantly lower and other parameters were similar to the narrow cylindrical-shaped trees.The ground diameter,average branch length,average branch diameter,average branch angle,and average distance of branches of slender-spindle-shaped trees were significantly lower than those of cylindrical-shaped trees,but the proportion of short branches was significantly larger.(2)The distance from the trunk and height were the main factors which affected the canop

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 树形 光分布 光截获 低光区占比 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]