城市轨道交通参数可调覆盖式轨道吸尘装置研究  

Research on Track-covering Vacuum Cleaner with Adjustable Parameters for Urban Rail Transit

作　　者：赵旺 吴文海[2] 毛定邦 李斌 ZHAO Wang;WU Wenhai;MAO Dingbang;LI Bin(Line branch of Beijing Metro Operation Co.,Ltd.,100082,Beijing,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,611700,Chengdu,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市地铁运营有限公司线路分公司,北京100082 [2]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都611700

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2024年第3期97-105,共9页Urban Mass Transit

摘　　要：[目的]针对城市轨道交通钢轨打磨后产生的铁屑粉尘难以清除的问题,需结合铁屑粉尘的特性,设计一套能够进行参数调整的覆盖式轨道吸尘装置。[方法]通过分析钢轨打磨铁屑的特性与道床结构,确定轨道吸尘装置设计的可行性与必要性;对该吸尘装置的吸口进行设计,采用流体仿真分析吸口宽度和离地间隙对吸尘系统风压、风量及功率的影响,并对比不同参数下的风量与风压;根据灰尘的运动模型和有效沉降因素对集尘箱结构进行优化,提高其集尘效果,并通过流体仿真验证其有效性;根据设计参数建立轨道吸尘小模型装置,并通过不同尺寸试验物料、不同离地间隙进行对比试验。[结果及结论]吸口宽度的变化对吸尘系统的影响不大,在其小范围变化的情况下可以忽略;吸口离地间隙越大,吸尘系统中的风压逐渐减小,风量逐渐变大,功率也逐渐变大,吸尘率也随之下降;试验装置吸口离地间隙小于20 mm时,对钢轨打磨铁屑的吸除率达到90%以上,对粒径5 mm的砂石的吸除率达到92%以上,对粒径1 mm的沙尘的吸除率达到96%以上。设计的参数可调式轨道吸尘装置具有较好的吸尘效果。[Objective]In view of the difficulty to remove the iron dust generated by rail grinding in urban rail transit,it is necessary to design a set of track-covering vacuum cleaners with adjustable parameters(abbreviated as AP track cleaner)base on the characteristics of the iron filings dust.[Method]The characteristics of iron dust from rail grinding and the track bed structure are analyzed to determine the feasibility and necessity of the design for track-covering vacuum cleaner.To design the suction port of the cleaner,fluid simulation is used to analyze the influence of the suction port width and gap from ground on air pressure,air volume and power of the vacuum cleaning system and compare the air volume and air pressure under different parameters.According to the dust motion model and effective settlement factors,the structure of the dust collecting box is optimized to improve the dust collection,and its effectiveness is verified by fluid simulation.A small model device for track vacuum clean is set up according to the design parameters,and comparative tests are carried out with test materials of different sizes and different gaps from the ground.[Result&Conclusion]The change of suction port width has little effect on the cleaning system,and can be ignored when the port width changes within a small range.As the gap of the suction port from the ground increases,the air pressure in the dust collection system reduces gradually,but the air volume and the power increase,leading to lower vacuum cleaning rate.When the gap of the suction port from the ground is less than 20 mm,the suction rate reaches more than 90%for the rail grinding iron dust,more than 92%for 5 mm sand particle,and more than 96%for 1mm sand particle.The designed AP track cleaner has good performance in dust suction.

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 参数可调覆盖式轨道吸尘装置 集尘箱 

分 类 号：U231[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]