大同盆地地下水中铀的成因机制及其健康风险评价  

Genetic Mechanism and Health Risk Assessment of Uranium in Groundwater of Datong Basin

作　　者：邵政 葛勤 米振华 陈功新[1] 李翔 张瀚月 SHAO Zheng;GE Qin;MI Zhenhua;CHEN Gongxin;LI Xiang;ZHANG Hanyue(School of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330000,China;State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330000,China;Jiangxi Coalfield Geological Survey and Research Institute,Nanchang 330000,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院,南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,南昌330013 [3]江西省煤田地质勘察研究院,南昌330000

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2024年第4期74-86,共13页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42202288);江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20212BAB213007)。

摘　　要：查明地下水中铀(U)的分布特征、富集机制及对不同人群的暴露风险,为干旱-半干旱地区地下水资源保护和可持续利用提供数据支持。综合利用Shukarev分类法、热力学计算、水文地球化学数值模拟和人类健康风险评估(HRA)等方法,分析了大同盆地地下水和地表水中U污染分布特征和形态分布,解释了地下水中U的形成机制,评估了U污染对不同人群的暴露风险。结果表明,地下水TDS分布范围较大,为27.60~4034.00 mg/L,其中浅层地下水(Ⅰ区)整体上TDS较高,为338.00~4034.00 mg/L(平均1371.80 mg/L),U含量为0~2.44 mg/L(平均0.26 mg/L),超标率为71.74%,与TOC、NO_(3)^(-)和SO_(4)^(2-)浓度垂向分布一致,随着埋深深度增加,整体浓度呈现变小趋势。氧化还原条件、络合、吸附和蒸发浓缩作用是控制研究区地下水中U浓度和形态分布的机制,其中微生物参与下的还原作用是制约地下水中U浓度的关键。此外,铀酰离子(UO_(2)^(2+))与碳酸盐配体形成易于迁移的UO_(2)(CO_(3))22-和UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)^(4-)稳定络合物,也是影响地下水中U迁移的因素之一。人类健康风险结果表明,地下水和地表水的非致癌风险排序为儿童>青年人>成年人,地表水和Ⅰ区地下水的非致癌风险超标率最大(100%)。The distribution characteristics of uranium(U)in groundwater,enrichment mechanisms,and exposure risks to different populations were investigated to provide data support for the protection and sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid areas.Based on Shukarev classification,thermodynamic calculation,hydrogeochemical numerical simulation and human health risk assessment(HRA),the distribution characteristics and morphological distribution of U pollution in groundwater and surface water in Datong Basin were analyzed,the formation mechanism of U in groundwater was interpreted,and the exposure risk of U pollution to different populations was assessed.The results show that the total dissolved solids(TDS)in groundwater has a wide range of distribution,from 27.60 mg L to 4034.00 mg L.The shallow groundwater(Zone I)generally has higher TDS,ranging from 338.00 mg L to 4034.00 mg L(with an average of 1371.80 mg L),the concentration of U varies from 0 to 2.44 mg L(with an average of 0.26 mg L),and the exceeding standard rate is 71.74%.The vertical distribution of U concentration is consistent with the concentrations of total organic carbon(TOC),nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and sulfate(SO_(4)^(2-)).Overall,the concentrations drop with increase of burial depth.Redox conditions,complexation,adsorption,and evaporation concentration are the mechanisms controlling the concentration and speciation distribution of U in groundwater in the study area.Among them,reduction under microbial participation plays a key role in constraining the U concentration in groundwater.In addition,the formation of mobile UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(2)^(2-)and UO_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)^(4-)stable complexes through the reaction between uranyl ions(UO_(2)^(2+))and carbonate ligands is one of the factors influencing the migration of U in groundwater.The results of the human health risk assessment indicate that the non-carcinogenic risks from groundwater and surface water are highest for children,followed by young adults and then adults.The exceeding standard

关 键 词：大同盆地 地下水 铀 地球化学 数值模拟 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]