苗语西部方言川黔滇次方言内部差异研究  

Internal Differences of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou Vernacular of the Western Miao Dialect

作　　者：熊玉有 杨娅 XIONG Yuyou;YANG Ya

机构地区：[1]云南省少数民族语文指导工作委员会办公室,云南昆明650031 [2]云南民族大学民族语言重点实验室,云南昆明650504

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期140-156,共17页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金西部项目“苗族跨国语言接触与影响研究”(19XYY022)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：苗语三大方言中,西部方言最为复杂。内部又分川黔滇、滇东北、贵阳、惠水、麻山、罗泊河、重安江、平塘八个次方言,川黔滇次方言、贵阳次方言、惠水次方言、麻山次方言等还有土语之别。了解这种差异,对进一步搞好苗语古音构拟,完善文字方案,规范词汇和语法等有很大帮助。论文以西部方言标准音点即贵州省毕节市大南山苗语为比较点,通过对12个苗语点的调查和比较,发现它们在语音、词汇和语法等方面仍有些差异。在语音上,体现了不同分化路径;在词汇上,除了读音有别,词义也有些差异;在语法上,体现在词汇结构、造词方法、形态标志和表达方式上有的保留了较传统的语法现象,有的则更趋同汉语。Of the three Miao dialects the western dialect is the most complicated.Internally it is divided into 8 vernaculars such as the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou vernacular,the Northeastern Yunnan vernacular and the Guizhou vernacular.A proper understanding of the differences is conducive to a construction of ancient Miao pronunciation,an improvement of Miao writing system,and a standardization of Miao vocabulary and grammar.Taking the standard Western Miao pronunciation in Dananshan,Bijie Prefecture of Guizhou Province,this paper surveyed and compared 12 Miao language sites,finding differences do exist between them in pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar.Different divergence routes appear in pronunciation;semantic differences occur in vocabulary in addition to words;relatively traditional grammatical usages are kept in grammar in terms of lexical structure,word-formations,morphological marking,and ways of expression,and in some cases they tend to be assimilated into the Chinese language.

关 键 词：苗语 差异 研究 

分 类 号：H216[语言文字—少数民族语言]