陕西清涧寨沟遗址后刘家塔商代墓葬科技考古鉴定与分析  

Scientific Identification and Analysis of Human Remains from the Shang Cemetery at the Houliujiata Locality at the Zhaigou Site in Qingjian,Shaanxi

作　　者：李楠 左豪瑞 杨凡 闫欣 杨颖亮[3] 吴小红[2,3] 孙战伟 Li Nan;Zuo Haorui;Yang Fan;Yan Xin;Yang Yingliang;Wu Xiaohong;Sun Zhanwei

机构地区：[1]国家文物局考古研究中心 [2]国家文物局考古研究中心与北京大学考古文博学院考古年代学联合实验室 [3]北京大学考古文博学院 [4]陕西省考古研究院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2024年第2期140-152,共13页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家文物局考古研究中心课题“中华文明起源、形成和早期国家建立阶段人群、技术与生业研究”(编号:2023-C-KJ-005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：通过人及动物骨骼的碳十四年代测定,陕西清涧后刘家塔墓地4座墓葬的日历年代集中在商代晚期,M1年代略早于其他墓葬。墓地出土人骨6例,均为成年个体,男性多于女性。该人群骨骼创伤与病理现象多见,骨膜炎、“跪距面”高发,日常食物以粟、黍等C4类为主并摄入较多动物蛋白。M4所出2例马骨均为青壮年雄性个体,骨骼尺寸大多处于中国商周时期家马范围之内,健康状况整体较好,饮食结构一定程度上受到人类干预。M1和M3棺木用材为冷杉属,M1所出车马器和M3所出铜斧内木材为榆属。Through radiocarbon dating of human and animal bones,the calendar dates of the four burials at the Houliujiata cemetery located in Qingjian County,Shaanxi Province,fall within the range of the Late Shang Period.Also,the date of burial no.M1 slightly predates other cases.A total of six human individuals were excavated from the cemetery.They are all adults,and males outnumber females.Skeletal trauma and diseases are very common among the examined individuals,with high prevalence of periostitis and squatting facets.Their diet mainly composed by C4 plants and the consumption of animal protein is high.Two young male horses were buried with the owner of tomb no.M4.The morphometric characters of their bone are mostly within the range of domestic horses of the Shang and Zhou dynasties.They were in good health over their lifetime and their diet was intervened by human beings as raised horses.The timber of the burials no.M1 and M3’s wooden coffins belong to Abies.The wood found in the bronze chariot fittings from tomb no.M1 and the bronze axe from tomb no.M3 is Ulmus.

关 键 词：清涧县 寨沟遗址 后刘家塔墓地 商代晚期 科技考古 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K223[历史地理—历史学]