采空区充水活化及覆岩变形规律试验研究  

Experimental study on water filling activation and overburden rock deformation law in goaf

作　　者：杨志强[1] 周彭元 刘超 王启庆[2] 邵宇 Yang Zhiqiang;Zhou Pengyuan;Liu Chao;Wang Qiqing;Shao Yu(Pingdingshan Branch,CCTEG Beijing Huayu Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467002,China;School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团北京华宇工程有限公司平顶山分公司,河南平顶山467002 [2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《能源与环保》2024年第2期77-83,共7页CHINA ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK20190646)。

摘　　要：为了研究充水情况下老采空区“活化”机理及覆岩运动规律,基于相似理论制作了采空区相似材料模型,通过人工注水的方式模拟采空区垮落带浸水状态,进行了煤层开采及充水条件下覆岩沉降变形观测,对采空区充水后上覆岩层变形规律、覆岩破坏形式进行研究。结果表明,煤层被开采后,自下而上会产生垮落带、断裂带和弯曲下沉带,采动破坏岩石会支撑上覆岩体,使得采空区边界存在空洞区域;煤层开采后的老采空区存在大量空洞、空隙,充水后采空区覆岩会发生“活化”,垮落带破碎岩石进一步压实,离层裂隙中间区域的压密程度高于两侧,随着充水时间延长,覆岩裂隙逐渐拓展,且采空区充水第一次观测时沉降量较大,之后岩层沉降量变化有减小趋势;采空区充水后垮落带上方岩层沉降量最大,覆岩越靠近地表,采空区充水对覆岩影响程度越小。In order to study the"activation"mechanism of the old goaf and the overburden rock movement law under the water filling condition,we made a similar material model of the goaf based on the similar theory,simulated the water immersion state of the collapse zone of the goaf by artificial water injection,carried out the observation of the settlement and deformation of the overburden rock under the coal seam mining and water filling condition,and studied the deformation law of the overburden rock layer and the form of overburden rock damage after the water filling condition of the goaf.The results show that after the coal seam is mined,the collapse zone,fracture zone and bending zone will be produced from the bottom up,and the mining damage rocks will support the overburden rocks mass,making the hollow area exist at the boundary of the goaf;there are a lot of hollows and voids in the old goaf after the coal seam is mined,and the overburden rocks in the mining area will be"activated"after water filling,and the broken rocks in the collapse zone will be further compacted,the compaction degree in the middle area of the separation layer crack is higher than that on both sides.As the water filling time prolongs,the cracks in the overburden rock gradually expand,and the settlement in the goaf during the first observation of water filling is relatively large.Afterwards,there is a decreasing trend in the settlement of the rock layers;after water filling in the goaf,the subsidence of the rock layer above the collapse zone is the greatest.The closer the overburden rock is to the surface,the less impact the water filling in the goaf has on the overburden rock.

关 键 词：采空区 相似材料模型 充水 活化 覆岩变形 

分 类 号：TD315[矿业工程—矿井建设]