无人机17kW电机振动噪声分析与巡航转速下尖端噪声优化  

Vibration Noise Analysis and Tip Noise Optimization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 17 kW Motor at Cruise Speed

作　　者：刘栋良[1,2] 詹成根 屈峰 陈黎君 史恒 Liu Dongliang;Zhan Chenggen;Qu Feng;Chen Lijun;Shi Heng(School of Artificial Intelligence Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018 China;Wolong Electric Group Co.Ltd,Shangyu 312300 China)

机构地区：[1]杭州电子科技大学自动化学院,杭州310018 [2]卧龙电气驱动集团股份有限公司,上虞312300

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第6期1749-1763,共15页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51877059)。

摘　　要：随着无人机的迅速发展,噪声问题影响消费者体验及AI交互、语音识别等技术,限制了无人机应用潜力。该文针对一台17 kW无人机用外转子永磁同步电机进行研究。为降低电机尖端振动噪声,且保留原电机电磁性能,重点提出优化磁极和定子开槽的方法。具体以平均转矩、转矩脉动等作为约束条件,构建多目标优化数学模型,并利用混合粒子群优化算法求解。该文深入探讨磁极参数、定子开槽对低阶次径向气隙磁通密度空间谐波特征的影响。并对电机转子模态仿真,以研究径向电磁力与空间模态的作用机理。在多转速情况下,以巡航转速为重点,分析整体电机电磁振动噪声特征。最后,仿真和实验结果表明,电机在巡航转速下的尖端噪声显著减小。验证了优化结构对无人机电机尖端振动噪声有明显抑制作用,对解决无人机噪声问题具有重要意义。In unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)noise fields,extensive research on propeller noise generation mechanisms and suppression methods has achieved remarkable results.The noise radiated by UAV motors has become a new research focus.The study addresses a 17 kW UAV with a surface-mounted external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor.The existing methods reduce the motor output torque but increase manufacturing complexity.Therefore,the paper proposes an optimization method for pole and stator slotting parameters to improve the motor vibration noise without reducing the output torque.Since radial air-gap flux density and radial electromagnetic force cause motor vibration noises,the space harmonic characteristics of the radial air-gap flux density are analyzed according to the effects of the magnetic pole and stator slotting parameters on the amplitude of low-order radial air-gap flux density.Rotor modal simulation is carried out to investigate the mechanism of the radial electromagnetic force and the motor space modes.Then,the characteristics of electromagnetic vibration noises at multiple speeds are analyzed,focusing on the vibration noise at a cruising speed of 1880 r/min.A multi-objective optimization mathematical model is established using a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm,taking the average torque,torque pulsation,and flux density fundamental wave amplitude as the constraints.After comparing three alternatives,Scheme 1 is selected as the optimization scheme.The simulation shows that the amplitude of the 3rd and 5th-order components of the radial air gap magnetization is decreased by 45.57%and 60.92%compared with the original scheme.The magnitude of the radial electromagnetic force decreases by 5.88%in the fundamental component,33.03%in the 2nd component,and 6.81%in the 4th component.The torque fluctuation of Scheme 1 decreases by 32%when the average torque is almost unchanged.Experimental results show that after structure optimization,the electromagnetic vibration tip noise at the cruising speed is red

关 键 词：无人机外转子永磁同步电机 电磁振动噪声 巡航转速 混合粒子群优化算法 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]