考虑弹流润滑效应的三点接触球轴承刚度特性分析  

Analysis on three-point contact ball bearing’s stiffness characteristics with elastohydrodynamic lubrication effect taken into consideration

作　　者：贺朝霞[1] 杨云飞 常乐浩 谢江辉 HE Zhaoxia;YANG Yunfei;CHANG Lehao;XIE Jianghui(School of Construction Machinery,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710064;HIKVISION,Hangzhou 310051)

机构地区：[1]长安大学工程机械学院,陕西西安710064 [2]杭州海康威视股份有限公司,浙江杭州310051

出　　处：《机械设计》2024年第2期88-95,共8页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2021JM-166)。

摘　　要：为获得润滑状态下三点接触球轴承更为准确的刚度特性,应考虑弹流润滑效应对轴承刚度的影响。文中基于拟静力学模型考虑高速离心力和陀螺力矩效应,根据给定轴承的结构参数和工况,计算滚动体与内外圈的法向接触载荷和各部件的运动速度。将拟静力学模型的计算结果和润滑介质参数代入弹流润滑模型,求解出滚动体与内外圈之间的压力分布和油膜厚度分布。进一步研究了转速、轴向载荷和润滑油的初始黏度对油膜压力和最小油膜厚度的影响。基于弹流润滑理论分析了转速和轴向载荷对轴承接触刚度、油膜刚度及综合刚度的影响。结果表明:转速的提高会大幅增加润滑油膜的整体厚度;润滑油初始黏度的增大会增加油膜厚度;随着轴承转速的提高,轴承的整体轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度减小;随着轴向载荷的增大,轴承轴向刚度和轴向油膜刚度增大,且差值变化不大。The influence of the electrohydrodynamic lubrication effect on the bearing stiffness should be considered,in order to accurately identify the three-point contact ball bearing’s stiffness characteristics under the lubricated conditions.In this article,based on the proposed quasi-static model,with the high-speed centrifugal force and the gyroscopic moment taken into account,both the normal contact load between the rolling element and the inner ring or the outer ring and the speed of each component are calculated,according to the given bearing’s structural parameters and working conditions.The calculation results of the quasistatic model and the lubricating medium’s parameters are substituted into the electrohydrodynamic lubrication model.The pressure distribution and the oil-film thickness distribution between the rolling element and the inner-and-outer rings are solved.Efforts are made to explore the effects of the rotational speed,the axial load,and the lubricant’s initial viscosity on the oil-film pressure and the minimum oil-film thickness.The effect of the rotational speed and the axial load on the bearing’s contact stiffness and synthetical stiffness is analyzed based on the electrohydrodynamic lubrication theory.The results show that the evergrowing rotational speed will significantly increase the lubricant oil-film thickness;the lubricant’s ever-growing initial viscosity will increase the oil-film thickness;the bearing’s overall axial stiffness and axial oil-film stiffness will decrease with the bearing’s rotational speed;the bearing’s axial stiffness and axial oil-film stiffness will increase with the ever-growing axial load,and the difference won’t change significantly.

关 键 词：三点接触球轴承 拟静力学法 弹流润滑 油膜压力 油膜厚度 接触刚度 

分 类 号：TH133[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]