人权条约机构的一次失态与失当之举——评经济、社会及文化权利委员会对中国第三次履约报告的审议  

A Misjudgment of the Human Rights Treaty Body:A Comment on the Consideration of ESCR Committee on the Third Report of China on the Implementation of ICESCR

作　　者：黄金荣[1] Huang Jinrong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《人权研究》2024年第1期63-91,共29页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：2023年2月15—16日,联合国经济、社会及文化权利委员会对中国第三次履约报告正式进行了审议,该委员会关于中国的结论性意见大幅增加了新的关注问题,其中涉疆和涉藏问题、气候变化问题、新型冠状病毒感染疫情问题以及“一带一路”问题尤其引人注目。结论性意见对“一带一路”、涉疆和涉藏事项等问题作出了很多有悖事实的指责。该委员会也无视中国的履约成就,一改其惯常实践,对中国履约“积极方面”与“消极方面”作出了极为失衡的评价,明显体现出了对中国的偏见。在国际地缘政治紧张关系不断加剧的背景下,我们应正确对待国际人权机制存在的缺陷,既应肯定其对我国人权保障制度完善具有一定的积极作用,也有必要对其有悖事实的指责坚决予以澄清和回击。The third periodic report of China on the implementation of International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR)was officially considered by UN Committee on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights on 15-16 February 2023.The subsequent concluding observations on China issued by the Committee raised much more“subjects of concern”than that in 2014,and those subjects concerning Xinjiang and Tibet,climate change,COVID-19,and One Road and One Belt Initiative are particularly eye-catching.The concluding observations in 2023 made quite a few false accusations on issues relating to the One Road and One Belt Initiative and human rights in Xinjiang and Tibet.The Committee also showed its obvious prejudice towards China by making extremely unbalanced comments between the“positive aspects”and“negative aspects”on China’s implementation of ICESCR,wholly ignoring the tremendous progress made by China and deviating from the Committee’s own usual practice.In the context of increasing international geopolitical tensions,a rational attitude is needed towards the defects existing in international human rights institutions.International human rights institutions can play a positive role in enhancing domestic human rights protection,but this fact does not prevent us from exercising our right to clarify and counter any false accusations they make when necessary.

关 键 词：《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》 经济、社会及文化权利委员 会 结论性意见 中国 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学] D920.0[政治法律—法学]