黄土高原三类窑洞民居及砖混农宅夏季室内热环境对比研究  

Comparative Study on Indoor Thermal Environment of Three Types of Cave Dwellings and Brick Farmhouses on the Loess Plateau in Summer

作　　者：陈飞宇 宋冰(指导)[1,2] 吴磊 刘衍[1,2] 杨柳 CHEN Feiyu;SONG Bing;WU Lei;LIU Yan;YANG Liu(School of Architecture,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,西安710055 [2]西部绿色建筑国家重点实验室,西安710055

出　　处：《建筑节能（中英文）》2024年第2期73-82,共10页Building Energy Efficiency

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划资助项目“传统村落乡土建筑改造利用适宜性关键技术”(2020YFC1522303)。

摘　　要：为进一步了解窑洞民居夏季室内热环境状况,选取独立式、靠崖式、下沉式窑洞进行调研测试并与当地砖混农宅进行对比分析,研究其夏季室内外空气温度、相对湿度、壁面温度等影响热环境参数。结果表明窑洞民居室内热环境优于砖混农宅,窑洞室内温度波动小,相对湿度大,热环境能基本满足人体热舒适要求。通过剖析窑洞民居的空间布局与围护结构热工性能在创造室内热环境中的作用,发现窑洞相对封闭的空间及厚重围护结构较大的热惰性可有效抵御室外温度波动,使得内壁面温度稳定,是窑洞“夏凉”的主要原因;由于下沉式窑洞窗墙面积比小,室内空气温度更低;靠崖式和下沉式窑洞围护结构土层更厚,蓄水能力强,室内相对湿度更大。研究可为黄土高原窑居建筑生态经验传承及新民居建设提供理论支撑。In order to understand the indoor thermal environment of cave dwellings in summer,three types of caves including the free⁃standing,the cliff⁃sided and the underground were selected for research and testing,which were compared with local brick farmhouses for analysis.Thermal environment parameters such as outdoor and indoor air temperature,relative humidity and wall surface temperature in summer were studied.The results show that the indoor thermal environment of cave dwellings is better than that of brick farmhouses.The indoor temperature fluctuation of cave dwellings is small,the relative humidity is high,and the thermal environment basically meets the requirements of human thermal comfort.By analyzing the role of the spatial layout and the thermal performance of the envelope in creating the indoor thermal environment of the cave dwelling,the study found that the relatively closed space of cave dwellings and the large thermal inertia of the heavy envelope structure can effectively resist the outdoor temperature fluctuations,thus keeping the temperature of the inner wall stable,which is the main reason for the“cool in summer”of cave dwellings;The underground caves have lower indoor air temperature due to the small window⁃to⁃wall area ratio;the cliff⁃side and underground caves have thicker soil layer in the enclosure structure,which has strong water storage capacity and greater indoor relative humidity.The research can provide theoretical support for the transmission of ecological experience of cave dwellings on the Loess Plateau and the construction of new dwellings.

关 键 词：黄土高原 窑洞民居 室内热环境 热工性能 

分 类 号：TU111[建筑科学—建筑理论]