两周之际政局与郑武公霸业先兴——兼论“郑庄小霸”之得失  

On the Political Situation from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Early Spring and Autumn Period and the Rise of Zheng Wugong's Hegemony——Also on the Gains and Losses of “Zhengzhuang Xiaoba”

作　　者：叶先闯 Ye Xianchuang

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第1期145-159,共15页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：四川师范大学简帛与石刻文字研究中心2023年度资助科研一般项目“清华简与郑国早期史地新探”(项目编号:HDZX202304);广西师范大学2022年度国家社科基金培育项目(项目编号:2023PY007)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：周幽王废嫡立庶,酿成地方诸侯与西北戎人的联合灭周祸事,连带引发两周之际的政治地理危机,不仅由此开启诸侯竞相争霸的历程,而且随着岐丰大本营的丧失和周平王权威地位的下坠,为西周王政向春秋霸政转变打开了缺口。一方面,周末政治空间失序,以洛邑为中心重构新的封建藩屏网络,为中原郑国的崛起提供了地理优势;另一方面,拥立周平王并辅其东迁成功的二号人物郑武公,一身兼领王官伯与方伯双重身份,在秦、晋等大国受困于内忧外患的空档期,大兴“尊王”之举,复有“正东方之诸侯”的机遇,积极实行联盟策略,实已开启霸政先声。至其子庄公时,郑因桓王夺政事件而丧失一贯的王官伯地位,更全力向外服诸侯和方伯身份转型,结强援、伐弱旅、败戎夷,乃至“逐王于葛”,堪称小霸列国间。然而,郑庄霸业是以挑落王室权威、败坏旧有传统而以强力实现,难以得到诸侯公认,最终因庄公谢世后郑国内乱而无以为继。自此以后,春秋霸政进入一个力、德相配,尊王、攘夷并行的更高阶段。After King You of Zhou abolished his eldest son's legitimate succession position, a joint army consisted of local lords(zhuhou) and the northwest Rong people destroyed the Western Zhou Dynasty. Since then, a political-geographical crisis emerged, and a process of which local lords(zhuhou) vied for hegemony started. As the loss of the Qifeng headquarters and the decline of King Ping of Zhou's authority, a gap has appeared on the Western Zhou Dynasty's monarchy. The national political system began to transform to the Spring and Autumn period's hegemony pattern. On the one hand, within the political disorder, a new seigneur network surrounded Luoyi was constructed, objectively, this situation provided geographical advantages for the rise of the Zheng State. On the other hand, due to his contributions to King Ping of Zhou's eastward migration,Zheng Wugong has became the second powerful man with his dual political identities of Wangguanbo and Fangbo. At that time, major states such as Qin or Jin were trapped into their own internal and external troubles.During this blanking period, Zheng Wugong vigorously promoted the “zunwang” initiatives and gained the opportunity to become “Zheng dong fang zhi zhuhou”. He actively implemented an alliance strategy, actually begun the hegemony politics. By the time of his son(Zheng Zhuanggong), after the seizure of power events of King Huan, Zheng lost its traditional royal position as a Wangguanbo. Then Zheng State initiated its identity transformation to a Fangbo, did lots of efforts such as seeking strong allies, attacking weak enemies, defeating the barbarians, even “zhu wang yu ge”. All these efforts have made Zheng a “small” hegemony among numerous states. However, since the hegemony of Zheng Zhuanggong was achieved by provoking the royal authority and destroying old tradition, it was difficult to be recognized by other local lords. Eventually, along with the internal turmoil happened after Zheng Zhuanggong's death, the hegemony of Zheng didn't last too long. Fr

关 键 词：郑武公 郑庄公 王官伯—方伯 春秋霸政 清华简 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学] D691[历史地理—中国史]