论结果加重犯的共同正犯中加重结果的客观归责  

On the Objective Imputation of Aggravated Result in the Joint Principal Offender of Aggregated Consequential Offense

作　　者：谭堃[1] Tan Kun

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第2期17-31,共15页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“风险治理视阈下刑事立法的界限研究”的阶段性成果(项目编号:19XFX003);陕西省教育厅2017年专项科学研究计划项目“重大生产安全责任事故的刑法规制研究”的阶段性成果(项目编号:17JK0800)。

摘　　要：结果加重犯的共同正犯的结果归责应当以结果加重犯独立不法构造为出发点进行判断。基于危险性说,行为人实施基本犯的行为就是制造了法所不允许的危险,进而通过直接性要件判断此种危险是否在加重结果中实现。以结果加重犯“制造危险+实现危险”的不法构造为基础,对结果加重犯的共同正犯的不法判断应当在客观归责的架构之下,遵循复数参与人共同制造了法所不允许的危险并且在加重结果实现的路径予以展开。这就要求,复数参与人应当就基本犯构成共同正犯,且针对加重结果亦具备共同归责的关联性。反之,复数参与人未共同制造危险或者未制造典型的危险,以及未共同地实现危险,都应当排除加重结果的归责。The attribution of the result of the joint principal of the aggregated consequential offense should be judged from the independent illegal structure of the aggregated consequential offense.Based on the theory of danger,the perpetrator's behavior of basic offense is to create a danger that is not allowed by law,and then judge whether this danger is realized in the aggravated result through the direct elements.Besides,based on the illegal structure of“creating danger+realizing danger”of aggregated consequential offense,the illegal judgment of the joint principal offender of consequential offense should be carried out in the path of realizing aggravated result under the framework of objective attribution of responsibility,following the principle that multiple participants jointly created dangers that are not allowed by law.This requires that multiple participants should constitute a joint principal offender for the basic offense,and also have the relevance of joint liability for the aggravated result.On the contrary,if the multiple participants do not jointly create the danger or do not create the typical danger,and do not jointly realize the danger,the attribution of aggravated results should be excluded.

关 键 词：结果加重犯 共同正犯 危险性说 直接性要件 共同注意义务的共同违反 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]