皂苷源土壤连作障碍的成因及生物炭修复缓解机制研究进展  

Research progress on causes of soil continuous cropping obstacles by saponins accumulation and alleviating mechanisms of biochar remediation

作　　者：王薛梅 计丕霞 芦梦 陈全 吴敏 潘波 WANG Xuemei;JI Pixia;LU Meng;CHEN Quan;WU Min;PAN Bo(Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control,Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming Yunnan 650500)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南省土壤固碳与污染控制重点实验室,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第3期406-415,共10页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.42067055);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.41977334);云南省重点科技计划项目(No.202101AW070008,No.202001AS070015)。

摘　　要：以皂苷类化感物质为诱因引发的土壤连作障碍已成为制约药用植物产业和土地资源管理可持续发展的重要因素。目前修复皂苷源土壤连作障碍的手段主要有生物防治、轮作套作、土壤消毒等,但都无法从根本上高效、稳定地调控植物分泌和土壤中积累的皂苷,连作障碍仍会反复。生物炭作为一种低成本、高性能的优良土壤修复材料,在修复连作障碍土壤上有值得期待的良好前景。综述了皂苷类化感物质通过化感及自毒作用恶化土壤微生态环境等方式诱发连作障碍,分析了生物炭可通过吸附土壤中积累的皂苷、优化植物生存环境与土壤微生态环境、调控植物分泌皂苷总量、减少土传病病发率等途径修复缓解连作障碍的可能性。最后对还原剂改性生物炭防治皂苷源土壤连作障碍提出了合理展望,探究了改性生物炭的制备、应用及其可能产生的环境风险,为克服药用植物连作障碍提供理论支撑。Continuous cropping obstacles caused by saponins have become one of the important factors restricting the sustainable development of the medicinal plant industry and land resource management.The current methods for remedying soils with continuous cropping obstacles include biological control,crop rotation and intercropping,and soil disinfection.However,all the methods can’t fundamentally regulate the saponins secreted by plants and accumulated in soil,and the continuous cropping obstacle would still recur.Biochar,as a low-cost and excellent-performance soil remediation material,has a good prospect in the remediation of soil with continuous cropping obstacles.In this paper,how saponins induce continuous cropping obstacles through allelopathy,allelopathic-autotoxicity,and deterioration of soil microhabitats were reviewed.Biochar had the potential to remediate and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles by adsorbing accumulated saponins in the soil,improving the plant growth conditions,optimizing the soil microorganisms,regulating the secretion of saponins by plants,and reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases.Finally,the reducing agent-modified biochar,an effective technique for the prevention and control of continuous cropping obstacles caused by saponin accumulation was proposed.The preparation and application of modified biochar and its possible environmental risks were explored to provide theoretical support for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of medicinal plants.

关 键 词：皂苷 连作障碍 改性生物炭 土传病 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培] S156[农业科学—作物学]