生物炭对黑土区融雪期作物生境及大豆叶绿素荧光特性的影响  

Effects of biochar on crop habitat during snowmelt period and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of soybean in black soil areas

作　　者：孟祥露 付强 侯仁杰 李天霄 MENG Xianglu;FU Qiang;HOU Renjie;LI Tianxiao(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业农村部农业水资源提高利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省寒区水资源与水利工程重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2023年第12期10-20,共11页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U20A20318);国家自然科学基金面上项目(52179033,52279035);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(51825901)。

摘　　要：季节性冻融会破坏黑土区作物生境,导致春季作物生长迟缓,严重威胁我国粮食安全。为调节融雪期作物生境,保证作物正常生长,研究通过室内融雪期模拟试验与室内大豆栽培试验,分析生物炭对黑土区融雪期作物生境及大豆叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,施加生物炭可提高黑土团聚体稳定性(GMD)1.68%~41.41%;当积雪厚度与土壤容重较大时,施加生物炭可提高黑土大孔隙和中孔隙总占比0.38%~15.08%,增强黑土饱和导水率7.55%~224.40%,调节黑土水分温度情况,改善大豆叶绿素荧光特性;当积雪厚度与土壤容重均较小时,施加生物炭堵塞黑土大孔隙,降低黑土导水能力及大豆叶片电子传递速率等叶绿素荧光参数,抑制大豆植株光合作用。研究结果可为黑土区农田土壤改良及作物种植提供理论依据。Seasonal freeze-thaw can damage crop habitats in black soil areas,causing slow growth of crops in spring and posing a serious threat to grain security in China.In order to regulate the crop habitat during the snowmelt period and ensure the normal growth of crops,this study analyzed the effects of biochar on the crop habitat during the snowmelt period in black soil areas and the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of soybeans through indoor simulation experiments during the snowmelt period and indoor soybean cultivation experiments.The results showed that applying biochar could improve the stability of black soil aggregates(GMD)by 1.68%to 41.41%;when the thickness of snow cover and soil bulk density were large,applying biochar could increase the total proportion of macropores and mesopores in black soil by 0.38%to 15.08%,and enhance the saturated hydraulic conductivity of black soil by 7.55%to 224.40%,thereby regulating the water temperature situation of black soil and improving the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of soybeans;when the thickness of snow cover and soil bulk density are both small,applying biochar would block the macropores of black soil,and reduce the water conductivity of black soil and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,such as electron transfer rate of soybean leaves,thereby inhibiting the photosynthesis of soybean plants.The results could provide a theoretical basis for soil improvement in farmland and crop planting in black soil areas.

关 键 词：生物炭 黑土 融雪作用 冻融循环 作物生境 大豆叶绿素荧光特性 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]