四种铝合金焊丝电弧增材制造构件的成形质量和组织性能对比研究  

Comparison of Forming Quality,Microstructure and Properties of Four Types of Aluminum Alloy Components Fabricated by Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：王晋 虞华森 余祖英 孙建新 张军 张梦琦 赵红利 WANG Jin;YU Huasen;YU Zuying;SUN Jianxin;ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Mengqi;ZHAO Hongli(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hubei University of Automotive Technology,Shiyan 442002,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北汽车工业学院材料科学与工程学院,湖北十堰442002

出　　处：《电焊机》2024年第3期36-42,共7页Electric Welding Machine

基　　金：湖北省自然科学基金(2023AFB1033);湖北汽车工业学院博士科研启动基金(BK202310);中国机械工程学会焊接分会2020年度焊接创新项目。

摘　　要：为了比较不同铝合金焊丝对电弧增材制造过程的适应性,选用ER1070、ER2A12、ER4043和ER5356四种典型铝合金焊丝,采用脉冲MIG电弧熔丝增材制造方法,在同等热输入条件下电弧增材制造直壁构件。通过热分析、表面波纹度计算、微观组织观察、硬度和力学性能测试,研究了四种焊丝在电弧增材成形、组织结构及力学性能方面的差异。结果表明,ER5356焊丝在电弧沉积过程中产生的飞溅最少,相应的直壁构件Al5356成形质量最好,表面波纹度值最小。四种铝合金直壁构件的微观组织差异明显,其中Al1070组织最粗大,孔隙缺陷最多;Al2A12组织为细小的等轴晶,Al4043的组织为发达Al-Si共晶,Al5356的基体最致密。力学性能测试显示,四种铝合金直壁构件在X向的抗拉强度高于Z向,Al1070和Al4043在X向和Z向上的延伸率差异比Al2A12和Al5356的大。Al1070的平均硬度和抗拉强度最低,但延伸率最高;Al2A12的平均硬度和抗拉强度最高,但延伸率不足10%,组织内存在的微裂纹限制了其力学性能的进一步提升;Al5356的平均抗拉强度略低于Al2A12,平均延伸率超过20%,表现出较好的综合力学性能。综上所述,ER5356焊丝更适合电弧增材制造铝合金构件,Al5356构件具有最佳的综合性能。To compare the adaptability of different aluminum alloy wires to the arc additive manufacturing process,four typical aluminum alloy wires(ER1070,ER2A12,ER4043,and ER5356)were selected.Using the pulse MIG arc wire additive manufacturing method,thin-walled components were fabricated under the same heat input conditions.The differences in arc additive forming,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the four wires were studied through thermal analysis,surface waviness calculation,microstructure observation,hardness,and mechanical property testing.The results showed that ER5356 wire produced the least spatter during arc deposition, and the corresponding Al5356 thin-walled component had thebest forming quality and the smallest surface waviness value. The microstructure of the four aluminum alloy thin-walledcomponents was significantly different, with Al1070 having the coarsest structure and the most porosity defects;Al2A12having fine equiaxed grains;Al4043 having developed Al-Si eutectic structure;and Al5356 having the densest matrix. Mechanicalproperty testing showed that the tensile strength of the four aluminum alloy thin-walled components was higher inthe X direction than in the Z direction, and the elongation difference between the X and Z directions of Al1070 and Al4043was greater than that of Al2A12 and Al5356. Al1070 had the lowest average hardness and tensile strength, but the highestelongation;Al2A12 had the highest average hardness and tensile strength, but the elongation was less than 10%, and the microcracksin the structure limited the further improvement of its mechanical properties;Al5356 had slightly lower averagetensile strength than Al2A12, with an average elongation of over 20%, showing good comprehensive mechanical properties.In summary, ER5356 wire is more suitable for arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy components, and Al5356 componentshave the best comprehensive performance.

关 键 词：电弧增材制造 铝合金 成形质量 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG422[金属学及工艺—焊接]