不同配置乡村植被缓冲带阻控径流污染特征研究  

Study on the characteristics of runoff pollution control in different configurations of rural vegetation buffer strips

作　　者：张靖雨[1,2] 夏小林 汪邦稳[1,2] 张世杰 陈磊[1,2] 龙昶宇 ZHANG Jingyu;XIA Xiaoin;WANG Bangwen;ZHANG Shijie;CHEN Lei;LONG Changyu(Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Hefei 230088,China;Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources,Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院,合肥230088 [2]水利水资源安徽省重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第2期383-391,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：安徽省自然科学基金项目联合基金(2208085US10,2208085US21);安徽省·水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院青年创新计划项目(KY202102)。

摘　　要：植被缓冲带是河湖的重要生态空间屏障,对于减缓人类活动对河湖的直接干扰、阻隔农业面源污染等具有重要意义。为系统研究不同类型缓冲带对农田氮磷等污染物的拦截功效,本研究在定远张山设计8个缓冲带小区,结合自然降雨方式,持续两年观测不同缓冲带对地表径流及其主要污染物(TN、TP、COD)的削减效果。结果表明:林地和3°、8°横垄耕地缓冲带对径流的拦截效率较高,减流率分别达到了62.4%、52.0%和60.6%,径流量随雨强增大先升高后下降。与8°坡耕地缓冲带相比,降坡(3°)处理竖垄、横垄缓冲带泥沙流失量分别降低53.3%、50.9%。降雨产流的养分流失以氮素和有机质为主,林地缓冲带对径流NH4+-N的拦截率平均高达95.2%,此外降坡和横垄耕作措施也能有效减少径流冲刷的氮素流失。不同处理缓冲带对径流TP均有较好的拦蓄效果。3°、8°横垄耕地缓冲带CODMn流失量较低,拦截率达到53.0%、58.6%。林地缓冲带中高覆盖度的植被和发达的根系能够有效减缓降雨对地表的冲刷,减少径流和养分流失。在南方丘陵山地的乡村地区实施横坡垄作是拦蓄径流、降低面源污染风险的有效措施。A vegetation buffer strip is an important spatial barrier in rivers and lakes.It is used to alleviate the direct interference of human activities on rivers and lakes and block agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Eight buffer strips were designed in a small watershed Dingyuan in Zhangshan to systematically study the effect of interception provided by different types of buffer strips on pollutants such as N and P in farmland.Combined with natural rainfall methods,the reduction effects of different buffer strips on surface runoff and its main pollutants such as total N(TN),total P(TP),and chemical oxygen demand(COD)were observed for two years.The results showed that forest land and 3°and 8°cross-ridge tillage buffer had the highest runoff interception efficiency,with interception rates of 62.4%,52.0%,and 60.6%for TN,TP,and COD,respectively.The runoff increased first and then decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity.Compared with the 8°slope treatment,the sediment reduction rates of the cultivated land buffer zone in the downhill(3°)treatment for vertical ridge and cross-ridge were 53.3%and 50.9%.The nutrient loss of rainfall runoff on the slope was mainly composed of N and organic matter,the average interception rate of NH+4-N in the runoff was as high as 95.2%.All buffer strips had good retention effect on TP in the runoff,and the loss of CODMn on the slope of 3°and 8°cross-ridge cultivation was the lowest,and the interception rate reached 53.0%and 58.6%.Our results indicated that the presence of high coverage vegetation and developed roots in the forest buffer strip can effectively slow down the erosion caused by rainfall on the surface and reduce runoff and nutrient loss.The implementation of cross-ridge cultivation in rural hilly and mountainous areas in the south is also an effective measure to retain runoff and reduce the risk of nonpoint source pollution.

关 键 词：植被缓冲带 农业面源污染 径流 泥沙 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]