鸽粪农业利用潜力及其重金属风险评价  

Evaluation of the agricultural use potential of pigeon manure and its heavy metal risks

作　　者：王家裕 何振贤 郑雄开 赖伟斌 陈惠诗 贾爱萍[1] 邹梦遥[1] 陶雪琴[1] 杜建军[1] WANG Jiayu;HE Zhenxian;ZHENG Xiongkai;LAI Weibin;CHEN Huishi;JIA Aiping;ZOU Mengyao;TAO Xueqin;DU Jianjun(College of Resources and Environment,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Agricultural Areas,Guangzhou 510225,China;Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration in Industrial Agglomeration,Ministry of Education,School of Environment and Energy,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院资源与环境学院,广东省农业产地环境污染防控工程技术研究中心,广州510225 [2]华南理工大学环境与能源学院,工业聚集区污染控制与生态修复教育部重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2024年第2期442-451,共10页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B0202080002,2019B110207001)。

摘　　要：为了解鸽粪组分及其农业利用过程中重金属的潜在生态风险,本研究采集了广东省肉鸽养殖基地的鸽粪样品,检测分析了鸽粪中Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、Pb、Hg、As 8种重金属含量以及全氮、全磷、全钾含量,采用单因子污染指数法与综合污染指数法评价了鸽粪重金属污染程度,同时,根据水稻所需全氮含量分析鸽粪安全农用年限,并通过Hakanson潜在生态污染评价法进行验算。结果表明:对比德国腐熟肥料标准,鸽粪中Cu、Zn含量超标,样品超标率分别为18.18%和36.36%,总超标率为45.45%。单因子污染指数表明鸽粪重金属Zn、Cu、Ni分别有36.36%、18.18%、18.18%的样品处于污染水平,其余重金属含量均在《有机肥料》(NY/T525-2021)的限量范围内。内梅罗综合污染指数表明,处于警示及以上污染水平的点位主要受Cu、Zn污染。在不考虑重金属流失情况下,广东省水稻种植中连续施用鸽粪10 a无重金属污染风险,而在水田旱作系统中,以作物所需全磷量为施肥指标的情况下,鸽粪安全农用年限可达50 a。研究表明,鸽粪农用过程中会使重金属在农田土壤中累积,引起重金属污染,应加强鸽粪无害化处理及安全利用等技术研究。To investigate the potential ecological risks of heavy metals in pigeon manure fractions and their agricultural use,samples of pigeon manure were collected from meat pigeon breeding bases in eight cities of Guangdong Province.The contents of eight heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Ni,Pb,Hg,and As)and of total N,total P,and total K were detected,and the pollution degree of heavy metals in pigeon manure was evaluated by the single-factor and comprehensive contamination index method.At the same time,the safe agricultural use life of pigeon manure applied to soil was analyzed according to the content of total nitrogen required for rice,and was verified by Hakanson′s potential pollution evaluation method.The results showed that compared with the German standard for decomposed manure,there were mainly Cu and Zn exceedances in pigeon manure,which were 18.18%and 36.36%,respectively,and the total exceedance rate of the samples was 45.45%.The results of the single-factor pollution index method showed that out of all heavy metals assessed,36.36%,18.18%,and 18.18%of Zn,Cu,and Ni in pigeon manure were at the pollution level,respectively.The heavy metals that reached the warning levels and exceeded the pollution levels of the Nemero integrated pollution index were mainly Cu and Zn.Without considering heavy metal loss,there was no risk of heavy metal pollution in rice cultivation in Guangdong Province with continuous application of pigeon manure for 10 years.In the case of the dry farming system in rice fields,the safe agricultural use of pigeon manure could be for up to 50 years if the amount of total P required by the crop is used as the fertilization index.In conclusion,pigeon manure could cause heavy metal accumulation and pollution in agricultural use,thus,it is necessary to strengthen the safe utilization of pigeon manure.

关 键 词：鸽粪 农业利用 重金属 安全施用年限 风险评价 

分 类 号：S141.9[农业科学—肥料学]