脱落酸及其代谢抑制剂对玉米子粒灌浆和脱水特性的影响  

Effects of Abscisic Acid and Metabolic Inhibitors on Grain Filling and Dehydration Characteristics of Maize

作　　者：乔江方[1] 何佳雯 牛军 张盼盼 李川[1] 郭涵潇 刘京宝[1] 张美微[1] QIAO Jiang-fang;HE Jia-wen;NIU Jun;ZHANG Pan-pan;LI Chuan;GUO Han-xiao;LIU Jing-bao;ZHANG Mei-wei(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002;Zhengzhou University School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002 [2]郑州大学农学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《玉米科学》2024年第1期100-106,共7页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：河南省农业科学院杰青项目(2021JQ05);河南省农业科学院优青项目(2020YQ03、2022YQ21、2022YQ03)。

摘　　要：以不同自然脱水速率类型玉米品种为材料,采用大喇叭口期外源喷施脱落酸(ABA)和代谢合成抑制剂,分析外源ABA及代谢抑制剂喷施对玉米产量及其构成因素、穗部性状、灌浆特征和子粒含水率等影响。结果表明,外源喷施ABA、ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂分别使玉米产量分别下降7.53%、0.37%和6.21%。喷施ABA、ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂分别增加玉米起始灌浆势25.00%、23.44%和1.56%;外源ABA使玉米最大灌浆速率出现的时间延后,最大灌浆速率降低,活跃灌浆期延长,最大灌浆速率出现时子粒质量下降。喷施ABA增加了玉米子粒含水率,ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂则降低子粒含水率。综上所述,外源ABA喷施延缓玉米子粒灌浆进程,阻碍子粒脱水;喷施ABA合成抑制剂和水通道抑制剂可加快灌浆期子粒脱水,利于实现子粒机械化收获。This study analyzed the effects of exogenous ABA and metabolic synthesis inhibitors on maize yield,yield components,ear traits,grain filling characteristic parameters and grain water content by spraying ABA and metabolic synthesis inhibitors for summer maize at the flare opening stage.The results showed that spraying ABA,ABA synthesis inhibitors and water channel inhibitors decreased yield by 7.53%,0.37%and 6.21%respectively compared with the control.After spraying ABA,ABA synthesis inhibitor and water channel inhibitor,the initial fill⁃ing potential of maize increased by 25.00%,23.44%and 1.56%respectively compared with the control.After spray⁃ing ABA,the occurrence time of the maximum grouting rate was delayed,the maximum grouting rate was decreased,the active grouting period was prolonged,and the grain quality was decreased when the maximum grouting rate oc⁃curs.Under the treatment of ABA spraying,the grain moisture content of maize varieties increased compared with the control,while under the treatment of ABA synthesis inhibitor and water channel inhibitor,the grain moisture content decreased.In conclusion,the application of exogenous ABA treatment delayed the grain filling process and hindered dehydration process of grain.Nevertheless,the application of ABA synthesis inhibitors and water channel inhibitors could accelerate the dehydration of grains during grain filling,which was beneficial to realize mechanized grain harvesting.

关 键 词：玉米 脱落酸(ABA) 代谢抑制剂 子粒灌浆参数 子粒含水率 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]