荒漠一年生植物异时萌发研究进展  

Review of research on germination heterochrony of desert annual plants

作　　者：迪力夏旦木·塔什买买提 刘会良[1,3,4] Dilixiadanmu TASHENMAIMAITI;LIU Hui-Liang(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ürümqi 830011,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ürümqi 830000,China;Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation Research Station of Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Ecosystem,Yili Botanical Garden,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xinyuan,Xinjiang 835800,China)

机构地区：[1]荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆干旱区生物多样性保育与应用重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830000 [4]天山野果林生态系统新疆野外科学观测研究站,伊犁植物园,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆新源835800

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2023年第12期1611-1628,共18页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk1503);国家自然科学基金(32160256、32171513和31971428)。

摘　　要：荒漠一年生植物在严峻的环境条件下形成其特殊的萌发时间格局,即种子异时萌发:在特定条件下,同胞种子群形态一致的部分种子可以即时萌发,而另一部分仍保留在种子库中的现象。目前对荒漠一年生植物的异时萌发研究多集中在种子萌发特性、萌发后性状及繁殖分配等方面。该文系统总结了国内外种子异时萌发性的研究工作,主要内容包括:1)种子异时萌发的概念;2)具有异时萌发性的一年生植物种类及分布;3)异时萌发对植物生活史类型及模式的影响;4)异时萌发的植株在表型响应上的不同,如存活率、物候特征、繁殖产量、生物量分配等;5)异时萌发的生物学和环境因素。在综述文献的基础上,对今后的研究进行了展望,这有助于从更深层面理解荒漠一年生植物的异时萌发特性及其适应机制。Desert annuals develop their special germination time pattern under severe environmental conditions,called germination heterochrony.It refers to the phenomenon that under specific conditions,a portion of the sibling seed population with uniform morphology can germinate instantly,while the other portion remains in the seed bank.Most existing studies on germination heterochrony of desert annuals have focused on seed germination characteristics,post-germination traits,and reproductive allocation.We reviewed and analyzed recent advances in germination heterochrony research,with emphases on 1)conception of germination heterochrony;2)species and distribution of annual plants with heterochronous germination;3)effects of heterochronous germination on plant life history types and patterns;4)differences in phenotypic response,such as survival rate,phenological characteristics,reproductive yield,and biomass allocation,among plants that germinate at different times;5)biological and environmental factors of germination heterochrony.Based on the review of literature,the future research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of germination heterochrony and adaptive mechanisms of desert annuals.

关 键 词：萌发时间 春季萌发 秋季萌发 生活史 兼性冬季一年生植物 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]