基施硫肥与遮荫对甘薯生长及同化产物积累的影响  

Effects of Base Application of Sulfur Fertilizer and Shading on Growth and Assimilation Product Accumulation of Sweetpotato

作　　者：王林 王雪琳 徐文硕 黎心怡 裴鑫 李夏菁 贾小云[2] 贺立恒[1] WANG Lin;WANG Xuelin;XU Wenshuo;LI Xinyi;PEI Xin;LI Xiajing;JIA Xiaoyun;HE Liheng(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030801;College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong,Shanxi 030801)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西晋中030801 [2]山西农业大学生命科学学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《核农学报》2024年第3期574-583,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心基金项目(SBGJXTZX-29);山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221008-6)。

摘　　要：为探究基施硫肥与遮荫对甘薯生长、光合及同化产物积累的影响,采用裂区设计,研究大田试验不同硫酸钾施用量(S含量为0、36、60、84 kg·hm^(-2))和不同遮荫处理(0、30%、60%遮光)对不同品种甘薯生长和地上部形态指标、光合效率及块根同化产物积累的影响。结果表明,基施硫肥促进了甘薯的地上部生长,增强了甘薯叶片的光合作用,提高了甘薯品质和产量,以36 kg·hm^(-2)硫肥用量下块根蔗糖含量较高,60 kg·hm^(-2)硫肥用量下块根有机酸和蛋白质含量较高。遮荫降低了甘薯的产量和地上部生物量,但30%遮荫有利于甘薯块根蔗糖和有机酸的积累,而60%遮荫下的甘薯块根蛋白质含量较高。综上,可施用36~60 kg·hm^(-2)硫肥以平衡产量与品质同步提升的矛盾,在小幅度牺牲产量的同时可通过不高于30%的遮荫提高甘薯块根蔗糖、有机酸与蛋白质的积累,以促进甘薯品质提升,提高甘薯生产的经济效益。本研究结果为甘薯优质栽培和营养元素富集提供了理论与技术指导。To investigate the effects of basal application of sulfur fertilizer and shading on the growth,photosynthesis,and accumulation of assimilates in sweetpotato,a split plot design was used to study the effects of different potassium sulfate application rates(S content is 0,36,60,84 kg·hm^(-2))and different shade treatments(0,30%,60%)on the growth,above-ground morphological indices,photosynthetic efficiency and root assimilation product accumulation of different sweetpotato varieties.The results showed that basal application of sulfur fertilizer promoted the aboveground growth of sweetpotato,enhanced photosynthesis in the leaves,improved the quality and yield of sweetpotato.The content of sucrose in root tuber was higher under 36 kg·hm^(-2) sulfur fertilizer,and the content of organic acid and protein in root tuber under 60 kg·hm^(-2) sulfur fertilizer was higher.Shading reduced the yield and aboveground biomass of sweetpotato.However,30% shading was beneficial for the accumulation of sucrose and organic acids in the tubers,while 60%shading resulted in the highest protein content in the tubers.In conclusion,the application of 36-60 kg·hm^(-2) of sulfur fertilizer can balance the contradiction between yield and quality improvement.By sacrificing a slight amount of yield,the accumulation of sucrose,organic acids,and proteins in sweetpotato tubers can be increased through shading not exceeding 30%.This approach aims to improve the quality of sweetpotato and enhance the economic efficiency of sweetpotato production.The results of this study provide theoretical and technical guidance for high-quality cultivation and nutrient enrichment of sweet potatoes.

关 键 词：甘薯 基施硫肥 遮荫 光合作用 同化产物 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]