楔形掏槽爆破效果分析及其在硬岩巷道中的应用  

Analysis of the effect of wedge cut blasting and its application in hard rock roadway

作　　者：孙小娜 Sun Xiaona(China Railway Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100040,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁建设集团有限公司,北京100040

出　　处：《山西建筑》2024年第7期161-164,共4页Shanxi Architecture

摘　　要：为加快岩巷钻爆法快速掘进技术研究,利用LS-DYNA模拟软件对直眼掏槽和楔形掏槽爆破应力波传播及岩体损伤破坏进行对比分析,并在霍州煤电三交河煤矿下组煤胶轮车辅助运输巷进行现场应用。结果表明:楔形掏槽爆破因其槽底间距较近,可以使爆破能量更多消耗在两炮孔之间,而直眼掏槽爆破能量在两帮过度消耗;与直眼掏槽相比,楔形掏槽能够造成两炮孔之间的岩体大范围损伤破坏,有利于岩块破碎抛出;现场应用表明:采用楔形爆破后,炮孔利用率高、大块率低、循环进尺达到2.5 m以上,显著提高成巷速度。因此建议在硬岩巷道爆破掘进时优先考虑楔形掏槽方式。In order to speed up the research on the rapid excavation technology of rock roadway by drilling and blasting method,and based on the engineering background of the lower group of coal rubber tyred vehicle auxiliary transportation roadway in Sanjiaohe coal mine of Huozhou Coal and Power Company,the stress wave propagation and rock damage of straight cut blasting and wedge cut blasting are compared and analyzed by using LS-DYNA simulation software,so as to select a reasonable cutting mode and carry out field application.The results show that:wedge cut blasting,due to the close location of the blast hole,the stress wave is more likely to accumulate and stack near the middle of the blast hole,which can make the blasting energy more consumed between the two holes that need to be broken,while straight cut blasting,the energy distribution is more uniform,but it will cause excessive energy consumption in the two sides;compared with straight cut blasting,wedge cut blasting can make more blasting.The energy accumulation between the two holes results in large-scale damage and destruction,which is conducive to the destruction of rock mass in the roadway section.The practical application shows that the wedge blasting has the advantages of high hole utilization rate,low boulder rate,and more than 2.5 m cyclic footage,which significantly improves the speed of roadway formation.On the whole,wedge cutting is more conducive to the rock breaking at the bottom of the cavity,and can better throw the rock,which is conducive to the formation of the cavity and subsequent slag discharge.Therefore,wedge cutting is recommended in the actual engineering drilling.

关 键 词：楔形掏槽 直眼掏槽 LS-DYNA 损伤 现场应用 

分 类 号：TU751.9[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]