中俄地铁设计和施工差异分析  

Analysis of Differences in Metro Design and Construction Between China and Russia

作　　者：赵鸿儒 ZHAO Hongru(China Railway 16th Bureau Group Beijing Rail Transit Engineering Construction Co.Ltd.,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁十六局集团北京轨道交通工程建设有限公司,北京101100

出　　处：《铁道建筑技术》2024年第3期78-81,119,共5页Railway Construction Technology

基　　金：中铁十六局集团有限公司科研计划开发项目(K2020-14B)。

摘　　要：以中俄合作的莫斯科地铁项目为背景,分析中俄地铁设计与施工的差异,指出规划设计、盾构施工、支撑体系、防水降水等方面的不同。在设计方面,莫斯科地铁规划领先,线网合理布局,车站独具特色,而国内地铁设计相对保守。在施工方面,俄罗斯展现了在车站与盾构施工同步进行以及渣土运输系统等方面的技术创新和灵活性,而在支撑体系、盾构接收加固等方面相对滞后。尤其是在冬季施工和防水降水问题上,俄罗斯采用了专门的技术和严格标准,以适应寒冷的气候状况。这些差异既反映了两国地域文化特色,也为双方提供了相互学习的宝贵机会。对于国内地铁建设而言,可吸取俄罗斯地铁的成功经验,推动我国地铁建设不断创新与发展。Set against the backdrop of Sino-Russian collaboration in the Moscow Metro project,this article analyzes the disparities in metro design and construction between China and Russia,and highlights significant dfferences in planning,shield tunnel construction,support systems,and waterproofing.Regarding design,Moscow's metro planning is at the forefront with a rational network layout and uniquely styled stations,while domestic metro designs tend to be more conservative.In terms of construction,Russia demonstrates technological innovation and flexibility in simultaneous station and shield tunnel construction,as well as the implementation of an efficient soil transportation system.However,in support systems and shield tunnel reception and reinforcement,Russia lags behind.Particularly notable is Russia's adoption of specialized techniques and strict standards for winter construction and waterproofing to accommodate the harsh cold climate.These differences not only reflect the distinctive cultural characteristics of both countries but also present valuable opportunities for mutual learning and exchange.For domestic metro construction,drawing profound lessons from Russia's successful metro experience can propel continuous innovation and development in China's metro projects.

关 键 词：中俄地铁合作 莫斯科地铁 设计 施工 差异 

分 类 号：U231.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]