高大毛壳对硝化纤维素的降氮机理  

Denitrification Mechanism of Investigation Chaetomium Elatum on Nitrocellulose

作　　者：黄娟 薛会会[1,2] 张阿磊 陈可泉 周杰[1,2] 丁亚军 肖忠良[1,2] HUANG Juan;XUE Huihui;ZHANG Alei;CHEN Kequan;ZHOU Jie;DING Yajun;XIAO Zhongliang(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials,Ministry of Education,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,Jiangsu,China;College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Technology University,Nanjing 211816,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094 [2]南京理工大学特种能源材料教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210094 [3]南京工业大学生物与制药工程学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《兵工学报》2024年第3期875-884,共10页Acta Armamentarii

摘　　要：针对废旧火药存在严重的安全隐患问题,通过对硝化纤维素(Nitrocellulose,NC)生产的废液处理池及其周边进行采样、富集、驯化和分离纯化,获得5株能够降低NC含氮量的微生物,并对其中降氮效果最佳的高大毛壳进行时间优化实验,发现随着时间的延长,NC含氮量可从13.06%降至10.83%,X射线光电子能谱结果显示NC表面氮元素含量逐渐降低;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、显微共聚焦拉曼仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪对NC分子结构和分子量进行表征,红外光谱表明高大毛壳与O—NO 2发生水解反应,导致NC在3400 cm^(-1)左右的—OH峰强逐渐增大,拉曼光谱图显示NC含能基团(O—NO 2)的强度发生了显著降低,同时通过凝胶色谱发现,高大毛壳可使NC的数均分子质量和重均分子质量分别降低2.34%和6.40%。为进一步确定作用于NC的生物酶,利用胞外酶、胞内酶的分离以及硫酸铵梯度沉淀实验,证明0~30%硫酸铵沉淀的胞外酶能够有效降低NC的含氮量;高大毛壳对降低NC含氮量的显著作用,使其在废旧火药的再利用、高渐增发射药的生物脱硝等方面具有广阔的应用前景。In view of the serious potential safety problems of waste propellants,five microorganisms that can reduce the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose(NC)are obtained by sampling,enriching,domesticating,separating and purificating near and around the wastewater treatment tank of nitrocellulose production.The time optimization experiment was carried out on the chaetomium elatum which has the best denitrification effect among them.It is found that the nitrogen content of NC could be reduced from 13.06%to 10.83%over time,and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results show that the content of N element on the surface of NC gradually decreases.Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),inVia Raman microscope(Raman)and gel permeation chromatography(GPC)are used to characterize the structure and molecular weight of NC.The infrared spectrum shows that the—OH peak intensity of NC at about 3400 cm^(-1) is gradually increased because the hydrolysis of chaetomium elatum and O—NO 2 occurs and the Raman spectrum shows that the intensity of NC energetic groups(O—NO 2)decreases significantly.At the same time,it is found by GPC that the number-average molecular weight and weight-average molecular weight of NC could be reduced by 2.34%and 6.40%,respectively,due to chaetomium elatum.In order to further determine the biological enzymes acting on NC,the separation of extracellular enzymes and intracellular enzymes,and ammonium sulfate gradient precipitation experiments proved that the extracellular enzymes precipitated by 0-30%(NH 4)2 SO 4 could effectively reduce the nitrogen content of NC.The significant effect of chaetomium elatum on reducing the nitrogen content of NC makes it have broad application prospects in the reuse of waste military NC and the biological denitrification of propellants.

关 键 词：硝化纤维素 高大毛壳 含氮量 分子结构 生物脱硝 

分 类 号：TQ562[化学工程—炸药化工]