耕作方式对机械直播冬油菜生长及产量的影响  

Effects of tillage methods on growth and yield of the machinerysowed winter rape

作　　者：林澄 马力 王心怡 朱嘉旺 陈爽 高丽萍 郑珍 陈慧 LIN Cheng;MA Li;WANG Xinyi;ZHU Jiawang;CHEN Shuang;GAO Liping;ZHENG Zhen;CHEN Hui(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Sichuan Research&Design Institute of Agricultural Machinery,Chengdu 610065,China;Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation of Ministry of Agriculture,Xinxiang 453002,China;National Research Center of Pumps,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013;College of Energy and Power Engineering,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]四川省农业机械研究设计院,四川成都610065 [3]农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453000 [4]江苏大学国家水泵及系统工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013 [5]西华大学能源与动力工程学院,四川成都610039

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第1期59-64,73,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M672371);湖北省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110504187);农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室开放课题(FIRI2021010401)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确耕作方式对长江流域水旱轮作旱作季冬油菜生长及产量的影响。【方法】以机械直播冬油菜为试验对象,设置深翻和浅旋2种耕作方式,研究其对冬油菜的根系、地上部生长(株高、茎粗、生物量)、产量和籽粒含油量的影响。【结果】较浅旋处理相比,深翻促进了冬油菜根系生长及根系下扎,根质量密度平均增加了2.0%;且深翻促进了冬油菜的生长发育,冬油菜株高、茎粗和地上部生物量均值分别增加了4.8%、3.1%和5.9%。此外,深翻处理冬油菜产量显著高于浅旋处理(P<0.05),增幅达到24.4%;这与产量构成要素(分支节点高度、分枝长度、单株角果数)显著增加密切相关。深翻较浅旋处理油菜籽粒含油量略有提升,但处理间差异不显著。【结论】综合考虑冬油菜的生长状况、产量以及籽粒含油量,机械化耕播作业时适当深翻会对冬油菜生长指标及产量构成因素产生正效应。该研究为冬油菜区机械化直播种植合理耕作提供理论和技术支撑。【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the effects of tillage methods on the growth and yield of winter rape in the dry season,which was grown by water/drought rotation in the Yangtze River Basin.【Method】This study took the machinery-directly-sowed winter rape as the experimental object,with two tillage methods of deep turning and shallow rotation,and studied their effects on the root system,aboveground growth(plant height,stem diameter,biomass),grain oil content and yield of winter rape.【Result】Compared with shallow rotation treatment,the deep rotation treatment promoted the root system growth and root rooting,with an increased root mass density by 2.0%on average.Also,the treatment promoted the growth and development of the winter rape seeding,and the plant height,stem diameter and aboveground biomass increased by 4.8%,3.1%and 5.9%respectively.In addition,the yield of deep turning treatment was significantly higher than that of the shallow rotation treatment(P<0.05),with an increase of 24.4%.This was closely associated with the significant increase of yield components,such as branch node height,branch length and the number of pods per plant.The deep rotation treatment could slightly improve the oil content of rape seeds in comparison with the shallow rotation treatment,while there was no significant difference between them.【Conclusion】Comprehensively considering the growth status,yield and grain oil content of winter rape,the proper deep turning during machinery tillage and sowing had a positive effect on the growth index and yield components of winter rape.The findings provided theoretical and technical support for the machinery tillage and planting of the winter rape.

关 键 词：耕作方式 油菜 根系 产量 机械化直播 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]