基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的黄土高原半干旱区玉米覆膜类型综合评价  

Comprehensive evaluation of film mulching types of maize in semi-arid area of loess plateau based on entropy weight-TOPSIS model

作　　者：张芮 李红霞 高彦婷 董博[2] 张海粟 温文 王磊[2] ZHANG Rui;LI Hongxia;GAO Yanting;DONG Bo;ZHANG Haisu;WEN Wen;WANG Lei(College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第1期74-85,共12页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目(GSAU-QDFC-2018-06);甘肃农业大学伏羲青年英才项目(Gaufx-03Y10);甘肃省教育厅2021年度高等学校创新基金项目(2021B-139);甘肃省重点研发计划项目(20YF8NA107)。

摘　　要：【目的】综合评价地膜覆盖对保墒、促进作物生长及增产的效应,为西北黄土高原半干旱区玉米覆膜增产种植技术及高效利用降水、减少环境污染提供理论和实践指导。【方法】选用白色地膜覆盖(F_(1))、普通黑色地膜覆盖(F_(2))、生物降解地膜覆盖(F_(3))、液态地膜覆盖(F_(4))和地布-地膜覆盖(F_(5))5种覆膜方式,以平地无覆盖(CK)为对照,测定土壤物理、化学及玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率等指标,将熵权法和TOPSIS法相结合,对16个评价指标及6个评价方案进行综合分析。【结果】处理F_(1)、F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4)和F_(5)分别较CK增产15.8%、17.9%、16.9%、1.4%和15.3%,水分利用效率分别提高18.6%、15.6%、23.4%、12.5%和19.8%,降雨利用效率分别提高21.0%、22.9%、21.8%、9.9%和20.1%。基于熵权TOPSIS法模型分析,处理F2与最优值的相对接近度为0.809,在所有处理中最高。各覆盖处理效果综合评价排序为:普通黑色地膜(F_(2))>普通白色地膜(F_(1))>生物降解地膜(F_(3))>地布(F_(5))>液态地膜(F_(4))>裸地(CK)。【结论】西北干旱半干旱地区,生物降解地膜和地布可一定程度地提高玉米产量及水分利用效率,从环保角度考虑,可作为普通聚乙烯地膜可行的替代材料。【Objective】It is to provide theoretical and practical guidance for corn film mulching and yield-enhancing cropping technology,efficient use of precipitation and reduction of environmental pollution in the semi-arid area of the Northwest Loess Plateau by comprehensively evaluating the effects of plastic film mulching on soil moisture conservation,plant growth promotion,and yield enhancement.【Method】Five film mulching methods,including white film mulching(F_(1)),ordinary black film mulching(F_(2)),biodegradable film mulching(F_(3)),liquid film mulching(F_(4)),and ground cloth film mulching(F_(5)),were se⁃lected.,Soil physical,chemical,and biological indices,maize growth,yield,and water use efficiency were measured in comparison with flat land without mulching(CK).The entropy weight method and TOPSIS method were combined to comprehensively analyze 16 evaluation indices and 6 evaluation schemes.【Result】Compared with CK,yield of F_(1)、F_(2)、F_(3)、F_(4) and F_(5) increased by 15.8%,17.9%,16.9%,1.4%,and 15.3%,respectively;water use efficiency increased by 18.6%,15.6%,23.4%,12.5%,and 19.8%,re⁃spectively;and rainfall use efficiency increased by 21.0%,22.9%,21.8%,9.9%,and 20.1%,respec⁃tively.Based on the TOPSIS model analysis of entropy weight,the relative closeness between treatment F2 and the optimal value is 0.809,which is the highest among all treatments.The comprehensive evaluation order of each covering treatment effect is:ordinary black film(F_(2))>ordinary white film(F_(1))>biode⁃gradable film(F_(3))>ground cloth(F_(5))>liquid film(F_(4))>bare ground(CK).【Conclusion】In the arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China,biodegradable mulching film and mulch can improve corn yield and water use efficiency to a certain extent.From the perspective of environmental protection,it can be used as a feasible alternative material to ordinary polyethylene mulching film.

关 键 词：玉米 地膜覆盖 水分利用效率 产量 熵权TOPSIS模型 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]