减量施氮对河西灌区春小麦光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of reduced nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of spring wheat in Hexi irrigation area

作　　者：郑天翔 程红玉 郭增鹏 徐昭 田晓琴 王丽娟 濮超 马金 王勤礼 ZHENG Tianxiang;CHENG Hongyu;GUO Zengpeng;XU Zhao;TIAN Xiaoqin;WANG Li-juan;PU Chao;MA Jin;WANG Qinli(College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,China;Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resourses Utilization,Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,China;Gansu Engineering Research Center for Resource Utilization of SMS,Zhangye 734000,China;College of Ecology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China,5.Gansu Advance Herding Technology Co,Ltd,Zhangye 734000,China)

机构地区：[1]河西学院农业与生态工程学院,甘肃张掖734000 [2]甘肃省河西走廊特色资源利用重点实验室,甘肃张掖734000 [3]甘肃省食用菌菌糠资源化利用工程研究中心,甘肃张掖734000 [4]兰州大学生态学院,甘肃兰州730000 [5]甘肃前进牧业科技有限责任公司,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第1期94-101,112,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-43);2022年张掖市科技计划项目(ZY2022KY02)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究减量施氮对小麦光合特性及产量的影响,探讨不同氮肥施用下小麦光合特性和产量的关系。【方法】以河西灌区春小麦为研究对象,通过田间试验,设置N_(1)(常规施氮量,300 kg/hm^(2))、N_(2)(氮肥减量10%,270 kg/hm^(2))、N_(3)(氮肥减量20%,240 kg/hm^(2))、N_(4)(氮肥减量30%,210 kg/hm^(2))4个氮水平,测定小麦生长特性、叶绿素含量、光合特性和产量。【结果】随着氮肥施用量的减少,小麦叶面积指数(LAI)呈降低趋势,N_(3)、N_(4)处理比N_(1)处理显著降低6.69%、7.14%,但N_(1)和N_(2)处理无显著差异;随着氮肥施用量的减少,小麦叶片净光合速率(Pn)和叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)呈先增加后降低的趋势,在N_(2)处理最大,Pn分别比N_(3)、N_(4)处理显著提高10.04%、13.17%,Tr分别比N_(1)、N_(3)和N_(4)处理显著提高9.32%、15.37%和23.56%;叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)也呈先增加后降低的趋势,在N_(3)处理最大,叶绿素含量(SPAD)和叶片气孔导度(Gs)呈降低趋势,N_(3)、N_(4)处理分别比N_(1)处理显著降低8.08%、17.41%和10.32%、13.76%,但N_(1)和N_(2)处理无显著差异;小麦穗粒数、穗数和产量随着氮肥施用量的减少呈先增加后降低趋势,产量在N_(2)处理最大,比N_(1)、N_(4)处理显著提高10.71%、7.91%,比N_(3)处理提高2.52%。相关分析表明,小麦光合特性与产量呈正相关关系,表明高效的光合特性是小麦获得高产的基础。【结论】在本试验条件下,减氮10%,即270 kg/hm^(2)是河西灌区春小麦高产稳产的最佳施氮量。【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing nitrogen application on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat and explore the relationship between photosynthetic characteristics and yield under different nitrogen fertilizer levels.【Method】A field experiment was con⁃ducted in the Hexi irrigation area using spring wheat as the research subject.Four nitrogen levels were set:N_(1)(conventional nitrogen rate,300 kg/hm^(2)),N_(2)(10%reduction,270 kg/hm^(2)),N_(3)(20%reduction,240 kg/hm^(2)),N_(4)(30%reduction,210 kg/hm^(2)).The growth characteristics,chlorophyll content,photosyn⁃thetic characteristics,and yield of wheat were determined.【Result】The leaf area index(LAI)of wheat in N_(3) and N_(4) levels decreased by 6.69%and 7.14%respectively compared to the N_(1) level,but there was no significant difference between N_(1) and N_(2) levels.With the reduction of nitrogen application,the net photosyn⁃thetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)of wheat leaves initially increased and then decreased.The highest values were observed in the N_(2) level,which were 10.04%and 13.17%higher than those in the N_(3) and N_(4) levels,and 9.32%,15.37%,and 23.56%higher than those in the N_(1),N_(3),and N_(4) levels respectively.The in⁃tercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)of leaves also followed a similar trend,with the maximum observed in the N_(3) level.The SPAD value and stomatal conductance(Gs)of leaves in the N_(3) and N_(4) levels significantly de⁃creased by 8.08%,17.41%,and 10.32%,13.76%respectively compared to the N_(1) level,but there was no significant difference between N_(1) and N_(2) levels.The grain number per spike,spike number,and yield of wheat initially increased and then decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application.The highest yield was observed in the N_(2) level,which was 10.71%and 7.91%higher than those in the N_(1) and N_(4) levels,and 2.52%higher than that in the N_(3) level.Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between photo⁃synthetic cha

关 键 词：减量施氮 春小麦 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311