番茄小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性  

Correlation of microspore development period and floral organ morphology of tomato

作　　者：王凯彬 王晓敏[1,2,3,4] 熊文汶 付龙 寇存莲 申晓雨 程国新 郭猛 高艳明 李建设[1,2,3,4] WANG Kaibin;WANG Xiaomin;XIONG Wenwen;FU Long;KOU Cunian;SHEN Xiaoyu;CHENG Guoxin;GUO Meng;GAO Yanming;LI Jianshe(College of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering and Technology Research Center,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Facility Horticulture Technology Innovation Center(Ningxia University),Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学葡萄酒与园艺学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏现代设施园艺工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏优势特色作物现代分子育种重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏设施园艺(宁夏大学)技术创新中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第1期161-170,共10页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03094);宁夏回族自治区农业特色优势产业育种专项(NXNYYZ20200103);宁夏大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2019107490502);宁夏大学园艺国家一流专业建设项目(2020)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确番茄小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性,为番茄花药培养和小孢子培养提供理论和实际依据。【方法】以大粉果安纳西和大红果SV4224TH 2个番茄品种为材料,对不同发育时期花器各部分的颜色与大小进行测定与计算,采用改良苯酚品红染色法进行小孢子细胞学观察。【结果】2个番茄品种小孢子发育均经历了单核早中期、单核靠边期、双核期和成熟花粉粒时期,且各发育时期细胞学特征明显;小孢子各发育时期与花器外观形态密切相关,当番茄花蕾较小(安纳西纵径为5.54~8.83 mm、横径为2.33~3.35 mm;SV4224TH纵径为5.44~9.19 mm、横径为2.38~3.56 mm),花萼略微裂开呈绿色,花冠呈浅绿色且花药呈浅黄色时,小孢子处于单核靠边期;当小孢子处于单核靠边期时,2个品种的单核靠边期小孢子占比与花蕾纵径、横径呈极显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0.903、0.879和0.879、0.710,而与花蕾的纵横经比,花药的纵径、横径、纵横径比无极显著相关性;花蕾纵径在7.00~7.99 mm时,安纳西和SV4224TH单核靠边期小孢子占比最高,分别为98.50%和94.50%;花蕾横径在2.00~2.99 mm时,二者最高值分别为68.15%和61.55%。【结论】安纳西和SV4224TH的小孢子培养的最佳选蕾标准为花蕾纵径在7.00~7.99 mm,花萼略微裂开呈绿色,花冠呈浅绿色且花药呈浅黄色。【Objective】The study aimed at clarifying the correlation between microspore development stages and floral morphology of tomato,laying a theoretical and practical basis for tomato anther and microspore cultures.【Method】Two tomato varieties,i.e.,big pink fruit Annecy and big red fruit SV4224TH,were employed as the materials,followed by measuring the color and size of each part of floral organs at different development stages and observing microspore cytology with the method of Modified phenol fuchsin staining.【Result】The microspore development of the two tomato varieties experienced early and miduninucleate stage,late uninucleate stage,binuclear stage and mature pollen stage,and the cytological characteristics of each development stage were obvious.Each stage of microspore development was closely related to the appearance and morphology of floral organs.When tomato buds were smaller(Annecy’s longitudinal diameter was 5.54~8.83 mm,and transverse diameter was 2.33~3.35 mm;SV4224TH’s longitudinal diameter was 5.44~9.19 mm,and transverse diameter was 2.38~3.56 mm),the calyx was slightly dehiscent and green,and the corolla was light green and the anthers were light yellow,the microspores were being at the late uninucleate stage.When the microspores were in the late uninucleate stage,the proportion of microspores of the two varieties was extremely significantly positively correlated with both longitudinal and transverse diameters of the flower buds,and the correlation coefficients were 0.903,0.879 and 0.879,0.710,respectively,while there was no significant correlation with the aspect ratio of buds,the longitudinal and transverse diameter,and with the aspect ratio of anthers.When the longitudinal diameter of flower bud was 7.00~7.99 mm,the proportion of microspore at mononuclear marginal stage was the highest,which were 98.50%and 94.50%for Annecy and SV4224TH,respectively.When the transverse diameter of flower bud was 2.00~2.99 mm,the highest values of two varieties were 68.15%and 61.55%,respectively.【Co

关 键 词：番茄 小孢子 花器形态 发育时期 单核靠边期 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]