黄土高原典型地貌区生态系统格局与过程研究  

A comparative study on the ecosystem patterns of different landforms in the gully region of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：张建香[1,2] 张多勇 张耀宗 王东[1] 李旭升[1] ZHANG Jianxiang;ZHANG Duoyong;ZHANG Yaozong;WANG Dong;LI Xusheng(College of Geography and Planning Qingyang,Tech Innovation Center of Remote Sensing on Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control,Longdong University,Qingyang 745000,China;College of Earth and Environment Science,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Ethnography,North Minzu Univercity,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]陇东学院地理与城乡规划学院,庆阳市水土保持与荒漠化防治遥感技术创新中心,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]北方民族大学民族学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2024年第1期226-234,共9页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22XZS022);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(23JRRM0757);甘肃省科技计划软科学专项(21CX1ZM343);甘肃省高等学校科研能力提升项目(2019B-155);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目(2021YB120);庆阳市科技计划项目(QY-STK-2022A-135)

摘　　要：【目的】为检验黄土高原生态恢复成效并进行生态系统格局优化,以董志塬(典型的黄土高原沟壑区)和延河流域(典型的黄土丘陵沟壑区)为例,对比研究了黄土高原不同地貌单元的生态系统格局特征及其变化过程。【方法】基于遥感和地面调查数据,采用景观生态学方法和空间分析方法,评估近30a来黄土高原沟壑区不同地貌条件下的生态系统格局时空变化特征。【结果】农田、森林和草地是黄土高原沟壑区最主要的生态系统类型。其中,高塬沟壑区以农田生态系统为主导,而丘陵沟壑区以草原生态系统为主导;主导生态系统类型同时也是平均斑块规模最高的,但随着人类活动干扰强度的增加,生态系统的破碎化程度逐渐增大。【结论】董志塬植被恢复工程先于延河流域,且初期生态恢复力度较大,而延河流域生态系统类型间的动态演化作用更强烈,生态恢复效果更持久。【Objective】This study aimed to test the effectiveness of ecological restoration and optimize the ecosystem pattern on the Loess Plateau by comparing the characteristics of ecosystem patterns and their change processes in different geomorphic units.Dongzhiyuan,a typical tableland and gully region,and the Yanhe River Basin,a typical loess hilly gully region,were selected as examples.【Method】The study utilized landscape ecology approaches and spatial analysis to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of ecosystem patterns under different geomorphic conditions on the Loess Plateau over the past 30 years.Remote sensing data and ground survey data were employed for analysis.【Result】Agricultural land,forest,and grassland were identified as the most important ecosystem types in the Loess Plateau gully region.The loess tableland and gully region were predominantly characterized by farmland ecosystems,while the loess hilly and gully region exhibited dominance of grassland ecosystems.The dominant ecosystem type also had the highest average patch size,but ecosystem fragmentation gradually increased with intensified human activities.【Conclusion】The vegetation restoration project in Dongzhiyuan preceded that in the Yanhe Basin,leading to stronger ecological restoration in the early period(1990~2000).The Yanhe Basin exhibited a stronger dynamic evolutionary effect among ecosystem types.The findings of this study provided insights for optimizing the ecosystem layout of the Loess Plateau and hold significant implications for regional ecological civilization construction and sustainable development.

关 键 词：生态系统格局 董志塬 延河流域 黄土高原 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]