自然资源产权交叉制度下生态补偿问题探析——基于甘南黄河水源补给生态功能区216户居民的调研取证  

Ecological compensation under the overlapping of natural resources property right systems-An evidence from the water replenishment ecological function area of Yellow River,southern Gansu

作　　者：宋文飞 SONG Wenfei(Northwest Institute of Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,西安710119

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2024年第3期8-14,共7页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：陕西省社科项目(20220149);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(17JJD790015)资助。

摘　　要：随着生态文明建设的深入,自然资源产权的交叉问题日渐凸显。虽然,自然资源产权制度改革已上升为国家战略高度,但关于自然资源交叉产权的改革尚处于探索阶段,缺乏相应的法规规定,进而带来生态补偿制度的系列问题。文中分析了自然资源产权交叉问题的制度根源,认为中国大陆法系下自然资源产权的规制特点不可避免地带来“产权公共域”问题,且因资源不同用途的产权规制程度差异,产权的界定程度也不同。这是生态补偿实施过程中产生错位、隐性“寻租”、资源价值扭曲等问题的产权制度原因。文中基于甘南黄河水源补给生态功能区216户居民的调研数据,分析发现不同程度地存在有产权争议草地的生态补偿责任主体不明、生态补偿资金错位、补偿草地面积与实际面积不切合、隐性“寻租”、“混合”产权土地流转后生态保护责任主体不清晰等问题。并通过实证分析,发现以上问题会进一步不同程度地影响居民的生态保护积极性及对生态保护公平程度看法,一定程度上导致生态补偿纠纷。文中进而提出加强自然资源产权协同立法,生态补偿资金用于扶贫等其他用途要有法理依据,完善相应的法律和政策规定以避免“切割”补偿带来的利益失衡问题,补充关于生态补偿中涉及土地流转的相应法规规定等政策建议。With the deepening of ecological civilization construction,the cross-property rights issue in natural resources is becoming more and more prominent.Although the reform of the natural resources property rights system has been elevated to a national strategic level,the reform of the cross-property rights of natural resources is still in the exploratory stage,and there is a lack of corresponding regulations,which brings about a series of problems in the ecological compensation system.This paper analyzes the systemic root of the cross-property rights of natural resources,and argues that the regulatory characteristics of natural resource property rights under China's civil law system inevitably bring about the problem of"public domain of property rights",and due to the differences in the degree of property rights regulation for different uses of resources,the degree of property rights definition is also different,so,which is the reason in property rights system that caused problems such as dislocation,hidden"rent-seeking",resource value distortion in the process of ecological compensation implementation.By analyzing the data of 216 households in Yellow River water recharge ecological functional area,southern Gansu,it is found that there are some problems in different degrees,such as disputed property rights in the ecological compensation of grassland,the responsibility of the main body is not clear,the ecological compensation funds are misplaced,the compensation of the grass area and the actual area is not consistent,hidden"rent-seeking",the ecological protection responsibility subject is not clear after the land transfer with"mixed"property rights.And through empirical analysis,it is found that the above problems will further affect the residents'enthusiasm for ecological protection and their views on the fairness of ecological protection to different degrees,which will lead to ecological compensation disputes to a certain extent.This paper then proposes to strengthen the coordinated legislation on property rights of

关 键 词：自然资源产权 产权交叉 生态补偿 

分 类 号：F062.1[经济管理—政治经济学]